In: Civil Engineering
The rate of heat transfer, Q [energy/time = power] through a pipe wall between a fluid and the surroundings depends on fluid properties: density (ρ), viscosity (μ), specific heat (cp [energy/temperature/mass]); and also on pipe and flow properties: the length (l), diameter (D), and thermal conductivity (λ [power/length/temperature]) of the pipe, fluid mean velocity (V), and the temperature difference (ΔT) between the pipe wall and the surroundings. Use dimensional analysis to express this system in terms of dimensionless numbers. The Π group that includes Q˙ should be expressed as a function of the other Π groups.