Question

In: Biology

a) List the mechanisms which create genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.

a) List the mechanisms which create genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. 

b) List at least 4 conserved processes, molecules, or cell components which support the concept of a universal common ancestor. 

c) Define Mendel's two laws and state their cellular basis and limitations.

Solutions

Expert Solution

1-a)- the different mechanisms are as follows:-

  • mutation.
  • random mating between organisms.
  • random fertilization.
  • crossing over (or recombination) between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

b)- the conserved processes or molecules which support the concept of a universal common ancestor are as follows:-

  • DNA, based genetic code which is nearly universal
  • RNA intermediates,
  • Presence of codons that coded for 20 amino acids in the genetic code,
  • ATP presence
  • Presence of enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions,
  • Presence of lipid membrane,
  • Cell division.as a mode of reproduction

c)-

  • The principle of segregation (First Law): The two members of a gene pair (alleles) segregate (separate) from each other in the formation of gametes. Half the gametes carry one allele, and the other half carry the other allele.
  • The principle of independent assortment (Second Law): Genes for different traits assort independently of one another in the formation of gametes.

Cellular basis :- They can explain how many different characteristics are inherited, in a wide range of organisms including human beings.Since the chromosomes are a part of the cell so these laws frame the basis of the cellular inheritance also from the parents.

Limitations:-

  • Law of segregation does not apply to incompletely dominant or co-dominant alleles.
  • Law of independent assortment applies to only on those genes which are distantly located may be on the same chromosome or on different chromosome.
  • Mendel's laws are not applicable to bacteria where sexual reproduction doesnot take place and also to haploid organisms .

Related Solutions

Which processes lead to most genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
  Which processes lead to most genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?   Select all that apply.   random fertilization   cytokinesis   crossing over   independent assortment of chromosomes in meiosis
What are the sources of genetic variation in sexually-reproducing organisms? In asexually-reproducing organisms, such as viruses...
What are the sources of genetic variation in sexually-reproducing organisms? In asexually-reproducing organisms, such as viruses and prokaryotes?
In sexually reproducing organisms, there are three main sources of genetic variation.
In sexually reproducing organisms, there are three main sources of genetic variation. Explain two of these sources and briefly describe what it is and how it leads to genetic variation. 
Meiosis is an important source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. Identify the events in...
Meiosis is an important source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. Identify the events in meiosis that result in segregation and independent assortment and how these two mechanisms produce genetic variation in the next generation. Use the following terms in your response: genes; alleles; homologous chromosomes; non-homologous chromosomes.
1. Identify and describe how meiosis helps contribute and lead to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms
1. Identify and describe how meiosis helps contribute and lead to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms2. Describe how meiosis accomplishes a reduction in chromosome number 3. Contrast the major differences between the daughter cells in meiosis and the daughter cells in mitosis [ fill in the chart below] 
1. Identify four sources of genetic variation found in sexually reproducing organisms. Select one of these sources and (i) describe what it is and (ii) how it generates genetic variation.
 1. Identify four sources of genetic variation found in sexually reproducing organisms. Select one of these sources and (i) describe what it is and (ii) how it generates genetic variation.  2. In a series of mapping experiments, the recombination frequencies for five different linked genes of Bison bison were determined. Y-W had a recombination frequency of 4%, W-M of 47% and M-Y of 51%. The recombination frequencies (in percents) are shown below for Y, W, M, V and R. Given all...
Even if no recombination occurs, meiosis is an important source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing...
Even if no recombination occurs, meiosis is an important source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. Excluding recombination, identify the key events in meiosis that result in segregation and independent assortment and how these two mechanisms produce genetic variation in the next generation. Use the following terms in your response: genes; alleles; homologous chromosomes; non-homologous chromosomes. (Drawings are encouraged.)
What are the three addítional sources of genetic variation within sexually reproducing populations?
What are the three addítional sources of genetic variation within sexually reproducing populations? Briefly describe how each contributes to genetic variation?
Report on mechanism responsible for increasing genetic variation within a sexually reproducing population
Report on mechanism responsible for increasing genetic variation within a sexually reproducing population
New combinations of genetic material give rise to genetic variability in sexually reproducing organisms through crossover...
New combinations of genetic material give rise to genetic variability in sexually reproducing organisms through crossover events between nonsister homologous chromatids. crossover events between sister chromatids. egg and sperm genetic recombination from distinct individuals. egg and sperm genetic recombination from one individual in which crossing over and independent assortment of homologues has occurred. A, C, and D all contribute to genetic variability.
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT