Question

Chapter 9: Concrete Form Construction

Matching

Match terms to their definitions. Write the corresponding letters on the blanks. Not all terms will be used.

1. heavy timer or beam used to support vertical loads	a. buck
2. the quality of being resistant to breaking under a pulling force	b. compressive strength
3. column built within and usually projecting from a wall to reinforce the wall	c. girder
	d. microsilica
4. a rough frame used to form openings in poured concrete walls	e. pilaster
5. vertical framing member in a wall running between plates	f. Portland cement
6. in stairs, the vertical distance of the flight; in roofs, the vertical distance from plate to ridge	g. reinforcing rods
7. a length of lumber or material applied over a joint to stiffen and strengthen it	h. rise
	i. run
8. a strip of wood used to keep other pieces a desired distance apart	j. scab
	k. spreader
9. the quality of being resistant to crushing	l. stud
	m. tensile strength

True/False

Write True or False before the statement.

1. Footings are the first part of a building to be installed.

2. Building forms for slabs, walks, and driveways are exactly the same as building continuous footing forms.

3. A vapor retarder provides a barrier to soil gases, such as radon.

4. All wall form systems use similar components to make them perform as expected.

5. Outside corners of concrete-forming systems are created by attaching panels to angle irons with wedges.

6. Walers are difficult to install on forming systems.

7. Riser form boards for stairs are beveled on the top edge.

8. Water should be added to concrete so that it flows into forms without working it.

9. A slump test shows the wetness or dryness of a concrete mix.

10. Curing agents placed on green concrete contain harmful chemicals.

Multiple Choice

Choose the best answer. Write the corresponding letter on the blank.

1. A combined slab foundation/footing is called a slab.

1. dual-duty
2. monumental
3. colossal
4. monolithic

2. When applying a vapor barrier of heavy plastic film under concrete, it should be lapped and sealed.

1. no more than 2 inches
2. between 1 and 3 inches
3. approximately 3 inches
4. at least 4 inches

3. is the only insulation recommended for ground contact and can be placed between concrete and the subsoil.

1. Extruded polystyrene
2. Extruded aluminum
3. Polyethylene
4. Polypropylene

4. The snap ties run through form boards and are wedged against additional form supports called .

1. form panels
2. anglers
3. walers
4. studs

5. Concrete-forming system panels are tied together with wedges.

1. formed plastic
2. wood or steel
3. concrete
4. polyethylene

6. The width of a step is called the .

1. rise
2. run
3. tread
4. edge

7. Which of the following statements about the placement of concrete is true?

1. Working it by hand will cause voids or honeycombs.
2. Vibrators should not be used with a stiff mixture.
3. Overvibrating decreases the lateral pressure on a form.
4. Vibration allows trapped air to escape the concrete.

8. Concrete must be protected from freezing for after being placed.

1. at least four days
2. a minimum of ten days
3. no less than two weeks if the air is humid
4. between ten days and two weeks depending on humidity

9. If moist-cured for seven days, concrete strength will be full strength.

1. up to about 60 percent of
2. more than 75 percent of
3. kept to less than 40 percent of
4. nearly or completely at

Terms

Read the descriptions of terms associated with concrete construction. Write the correct term on the corresponding blanks.

1. Provide a base on which to spread the load of a structure over a wider area of the soil

2. Provides a lock between the footing and the foundation wall

3. Hold wall forms together at the desired distance apart; support both sides against lateral pressure of concrete

4. Used to reinforce concrete floor slabs resting on the ground, driveways, and walks

5. Performed by inspectors on a job to determine the consistency of the concrete

Put in Order

Put in order the following steps for constructing footing forms. Write the corresponding numbers on the blanks.

A. Fasten the spreaders across the form at intervals necessary to hold the form the correct distance apart.

B. Stretch lines back on the batter boards in line with the outside edge of the footing.

C. Erect the inside forms in a manner similar to the outside forms.

D. Drive corner stakes to the correct elevation and stretch lines between the stakes, if desired.

Identify

Identify the following items use with concrete construction. Write the correct name on the line next to the item.

1.

Courtesy of Dayton/Richmond Concrete Accessories.

2.

Courtesy of Dayton/Richmond Concrete Accessories.

3.

© 2016 Cengage Learning^®

4.

© 2016 Cengage Learning^®

Procedures

Read the following procedures. Determine what procedure is being described and write the name of the procedure on the blank.

Procedure 1:

• Stretch lines again on the batter boards aligned with the outside of the foundation wall.
• Set panels directly on the concrete footing to the chalk line or on 2 × 4 or 2 × 6 lumber plates.
• Erect the outside wall forms first.
• Erect the panels for the inside of the wall.
• Install the walers. Let the snap ties come through them and wedge into place.
• Reinforce the corners with vertical 2 × 4s.
• If necessary, form the wall at intervals for the construction of pilasters, thickened portions of the wall.
• Brace the walls inside and outside as necessary to straighten them.
• The top surface of the concrete must be level and smooth to make attaching the wood frame easier.
• Set the anchor bolts into the fresh concrete.
• Install blockouts for larger openings.
• Install forms for girder pocket blockouts.

Procedure 2:

• Determine the rise and run of each step and lay them out on the inside of the existing walls or form.
• Secure cleats (short strips of wood) to the side wall form at each riser location.
• For earth-supported stairs, place fill that is free of organic matter and compacted in place to reduce settling.
• For suspended stairs, construct a support made of plywood, joists, shores, and stair horses.
• Install the rebars or reinforcing as specified by the prints.
• Install riser boards that are ripped to width to correspond to the height of each riser.
• Brace the risers from top to bottom at mid-span.

Calculations

Use the information provided to complete your calculations. Write answers on the lines provided within the exercises.

Estimating the Amount of Concrete for a Slab

Estimate the cubic yards of concrete for the slab shown below. The depth of the slab is 6 inches. Use the space provided for your calculations.

© 2016 Cengage Learning^®

Total cubic yards:

Estimating the Amount of Concrete for a Footer

Estimate the cubic yards of concrete for a footer. Use the space provided for your calculations.

© 2016 Cengage Learning^®

Total cubic yards:

Estimating Concrete Materials

Estimate the materials for a complete poured concrete foundation for a rectangular building 32' × 60'. Poured walls are 8 feet tall and 8 inches thick. Form boards are 12 feet long, and rebar is 20 feet long.

Estimate the materials for a foundation of a rectangular 30' × 56' building. Walls 8' tall and 10" thick, the footing is 2' wide by 12" thick, and slab is 5" thick.
Item	Formula	Waste factor	Example
Footing form boards	footing PERM × 2 sides ÷ 12' = NUM of 12' boards		172' × 2 ÷ 12' = 28.6 ⇒ 29 boards
Slab form boards	slab PERM ÷ board LEN = NUM of boards		172' ÷ 12' = 14.3 ⇒ 15 boards
Wall forms	wall PERM × 2 sides ÷ 2' WID of form = NUM of form panels		172 × 2 ÷ 2' = 172 panels
Rebar footing	PERM × 2 ÷ 20' rebar LEN × waste = NUM of bars.	Add 10% for bar overlap	172 × 2 ÷ 20' × 1.10 = 18.9 ⇒ 19 rebars
Rebar walls 2' × 2' grid horizontal	PERM × [wall HGT ÷ 2 FT grid − 1] ÷ 20' rebar LEN × waste = NUM of 20' HOR bars	Add 10% for bar overlap	[8' ÷ 2 − 1] × 172' ÷ 20 × 1.10 = 28.3 ⇒ 29 rebars
Rebar walls 2' × 2' grid vertical	PERM ÷ 2 ft grid + 1 per corner = NUM of VERT bars		172 ÷ 2 + 4 = 90 vertical rebars
Concrete footing (Be sure all measurements are in terms of feet)	footing width × footing depth × PERM ÷ 27 = CY	Add 5%	2' × 1' × 172' ÷ 27 × 1.05 5 5.6 1 5 3/4 CY
Concrete slab	slab WID × slab LEN × slab thickness ÷ 27 = CY concrete	Add 10%	30' × 56' × 5"/12 ÷ 27 × 1.10 = 28.5 ⇒ 28 3/4 CY
Concrete wall	PERM × wall HGT × wall thickness ÷ 27 = CY	Add 5%	172' × 8 × 10"/12 ÷ 27 × 1.05 = 44.5 ⇒ 44 3/4 CY

© 2016 Cengage Learning^®

Footing form boards
Slab form boards
Wall forms
Rebar footing
Rebar walls 2 × 2 grid horizontal
Rebar walls 2 × 2 grid vertical
Concrete footings
Concrete slab
Concrete walls

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Answer 1

Matching

1. Heavy timer or beam used to support vertical loads - Girder
2. The quality of being resistant to breaking under a pulling force - Tensile Strength
3. Column built within and usually projecting from a wall to reinforce the wall - Pilaster
4. A rough frame used to form openings in poured concrete walls - Buck
5. Vertical framing member in a wall running between plates - Stud
6. In stairs, the vertical distance of the flight; in roofs, the vertical distance from plate to ridge - Rise
7. A length of lumber or material applied over a joint to stiffen and strengthen it - Scab
8. A strip of wood used to keep other pieces a desired distance apart - Spreader
9. A slump test shows the wetness or dryness of a concrete mix. -

True/False

• True - Footings are the first part of a building to be installed.
• True - Building forms for slabs, walks, and driveways are exactly the same as building continuous footing forms.
• True - A vapor retarder provides a barrier to soil gases, such as radon.
• True - All wall form systems use similar components to make them perform as expected.
• True - Outside corners of concrete-forming systems are created by attaching panels to angle irons with wedges.
• False -Walers are difficult to install on forming systems.
• False -Riser form boards for stairs are beveled on the top edge.
• True - Water should be added to concrete so that it flows into forms without working it.
• True - A slump test shows the wetness or dryness of a concrete mix.
• True - Curing agents placed on green concrete contain harmful chemicals.
  

Letter on the blank

1. A combined slab foundation/footing is called a slab. - monolithic
2. When applying a vapor barrier of heavy plastic film under concrete, it should be lapped and sealed - at least 4 inches
3. is the only insulation recommended for ground contact and can be placed between concrete and the subsoil- Extruded polystyrene
4. The snap ties run through form boards and are wedged against additional form supports called . - walers
5. Concrete-forming system panels are tied together with wedges. - wood or steel
6. The width of a step is called the - Tread
7. Which of the following statements about the placement of concrete is true? - Working it by hand will cause voids or honeycombs.
8. Concrete must be protected from freezing for after being placed. - at least four days
9. If moist-cured for seven days, concrete strength will be full strength. -up to about 60 percent of

Correct Sentence

1. The Footing for a Foundation Provides a base on which to spread the load of a structure over a wider area of the soil .
2. The Purpose of a keyway is to Provides a lock between the footing and the foundation wall
3.Snap ties hold wall forms together at the desired distance apart; support both sides against lateral pressure of concrete.
4. Welded wire mesh is used to reinforce concrete floor slabs resting on the ground, driveways, and walks.
5. Slump tests are Performed by inspectors on a job to determine the consistency of the concrete.

Correct Order

1. Stretch lines back on the batter boards in line with the outside edge of the footing.
2. Drive corner stakes to the correct elevation and stretch lines between the stakes, if desired.
3. Erect the inside forms in a manner similar to the outside forms.
4. Fasten the spreaders across the form at intervals necessary to hold the form the correct distance apart.