Question

Increases in glucagon secretion influences metabolism of the liver cells. As the result of its signal transduction, the concentrations of ________ are decreased and, ultimately, _________ flux is increased by its allosteric regulatory effects.

Select one:

a. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate ::::::: glycolytic

b. AMP :::::::: glycolytic

c. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate ::::::: gluconeogenic

d. AMP ::::::: gluconeogenic

e. None of these

Answer 1

Glucagon is the enzyme released when the levels of blood glucose decrease, urging the body to create more glucose to maintain the blood glucose levels at equilibrium. Thus to increase the levels of blood glucose, a process called gluconeogenesis occurs where non-carbohydrate precursors are metabolized to get sugars or glucose. The presence of AMP(Adenosine Monophosphate) indicates that the levels of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) have been decreased. The dephosphorylation of ATP to release energy for utilization by the cell creates these AMPs. Here, the concentration of AMP is decreased, meaning more amounts of ATP in the cells signaling for gluconeogenesis rather than glycolytic flux where even more ATP is released. Also, AMP is a negative allosteric regulator for one of the enzymes in the process of gluconeogenesis. Thus, when AMP concentrations decrease, that means the gluconeogenesis process is promoted now. Thus, due to the allosteric regulatory effects of concentration decrease of AMP, due to the signal transduction by the increase in glucagon secretion, the gluconeogenesis flux is increased.
So,
Increases in glucagon secretion influences metabolism of the liver cells. As the result of its signal transduction, the concentrations of AMP are decreased and, ultimately, gluconeogenic flux is increased by its allosteric regulatory effects.
Thus, the correct option is :
Option d: AMP ::::::: gluconeogenic