Question

complete research paper (12 pages) with references about application of remote sensing and GIS in groundwater prospecting

Answer 1

Modern technologies such as remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) have proved to be useful for studying geological, structural and geomorphological conditions together with conventional surveys. Integration of the two technologies has proven to be an efficient tool in groundwater studies. Satellite images are increasingly used in ground water exploration because of their utility in identifying various ground features, which may serve as either direct or indirect indicators of presence of groundwater. The Geographic Information System(GIS) has emerged as a powerful tool in analysing and quantifying such multivariate aspects of groundwater occurrence. It is very helpful in delineation of groundwater prospect and deficit zones.

Lithology, lineament, landform, slope, vegetation, groundwater recharge and discharge are common features used for many groundwater resource assessments in hard rock areas. Remote sensing data provide accurate spatial information and are cost‐effective compared with conventional methods of hydrogeological surveys. Digital enhancement of satellite data improves maximum extraction of information useful for groundwater studies. GIS techniques facilitate integration and analysis of large volumes of data, whereas field studies help to further validate results. Integrating all these approaches offers a better understanding of features controlling groundwater occurrence in hard rock aquifer.

Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System has become one of the
leading tools in the field of hydrogeological science, which helps in assessing, monitoring and conserving groundwater resources. It allows manipulation and
analysis of individual layer of spatial data. It is used for analysing and modelling the
interrelationship between the layers. Remote sensing technique provides an advantage of having access to large coverage, even in inaccessible areas. It is a rapid and cost‐effective tool in producing valuable data on geology, geomorphology, lineaments, slope, etc., that helps in deciphering groundwater potential zone.

A systematic integration of these data with follow up of hydrogeological investigation
provides rapid and cost‐effective delineation of groundwater potential zones.

Although it has been possible to integrate these data visually and delineate
groundwater potential zones, it becomes time consuming, difficult and introduces
manual error. In the recent years digital technique is used to integrate various data
to delineate not only groundwater potential zones but also solve other problems
related to groundwater. These various data are prepared in the form of thematic
maps using geographical information system (GIS) software tool. These thematic
maps are then integrated using ‘‘Spatial Analyst’’ tool. The ‘‘Spatial Analyst’’ tool with mathematical and Boolyan operators is then used to develop model.

references

researchgate

horizon.documentation