Question

In C++ please.

3. Define templates and explain their purpose. Differentiate

standalone function and class templates. Give an example of a class

template and a function template.

Answer 1

A template is an important feature used in C++, is used for generic programming, and defines generic functions and constructors(classes).

Generally, a template is used to create a function or constructor(class) to work with different data types.
It means that a template function or class can work with any data types with one definition.

There are two types of template:
1) Function template - Concerns with a function
2) class template - concerns with a constructor of a class.

The purpose of the template is to provide a definition that can take any data type, so the main purpose is reusability and flexibility.

In Simple words, a standalone function can't work with the different data types with one definition and does return value, but the class template can work with different data types with one definition but doesn't return anything, as the class template is nothing but a constructor of a class that works with different data types.

Example of a class template and a function template :

class template : (Addition of two numbers )

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

template <class T1, class T2>

class Demo
{
  
public :
T1 x;
T2 y;
  
Demo(T1 x1, T2 y1)
{
x=x1;
y=y1;
}
  
void addition()
{
cout<<"Addition of two numbers: "<<(x+y)<<endl;
}
};

int main()
{
Demo<int,double> demo1(100,200.500);
demo1.addition();
Demo<int, int> demo2(10,20);
demo2.addition();
return 0;
}

function template: (addition of two numbers)

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

template<class T1,class T2>
void addition(T1 x, T2 y)
{
cout<<"Addition of "<<x<<" and "<<y<<" is "<<(x+y)<<endl;
}

int main()
{
addition(100,200);
addition(25.85, 36.88);
addition(1000,255.56);
return 0;
}