Recording Transactions (Including Adjusting and Closing Entries), Preparing Financial Statements, and Performing Ratio Analysis Ben and Kelly Perry began operations of their Roof repair company (Perry Roofing, Inc.) on January 1, 2015. The annual reporting period ends December 31. The trial balance on January 1, 2016, was as follows:

Transactions during 2016 follow:

a. Borrowed $28,000 cash on July 1, 2016, signing a one-year, 10 percent note payable.

b. Purchased equipment for $18,000 cash on July 1, 2016.

c. Sold 10,000 additional shares of capital stock for cash at $0.50 market value per share at the beginning of the year.

d. Earned $75,000 in revenues for 2016, including $16,000 on credit and the rest in cash.

e. Incurred remaining expenses of $35,000 for 2016, including $7,000 on credit and the rest paid with cash.

f. Purchased $3,000 of supplies on cash.

g. Collected accounts receivable, $8,000.

h. Paid accounts payable, $11,000.

i. Purchased $10,000 of supplies on account.

j. Received a $3,000 deposit on work to start January 15, 2017.

k. Declared and paid a cash dividend, $10,000.

Data for adjusting entries:

l. Supplies of $9,000 were counted on December 31, 2016.

m. Depreciation for 2016, $2,000.

n. Interest accrued on notes payable (to be computed).

o. Wages earned since the December 24 payroll but not yet paid, $3,000.

p. Income tax expense was $4,000, payable in 2017.

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER:

1. Set up T-accounts for the accounts on the trial balance and enter beginning balances.

2. Prepare journal entries for transactions (a) through (k) and post them to the T-accounts.

3. Journalize and post the adjusting entries (l) through (p).

4. Prepare an income statement (including earnings per share), statement of stockholders' equity, and balance sheet.

5. Identify the type of transaction for (a) through (k) for the statement of cash flows (O for operating, I for investing, F for financing), and the direction and amount of the effect.

6. Journalize and post the closing entry.

7. Compute the following ratios for 2016 and explain what the results suggest about the company:

a. Current ratio

b. Total asset turnover

c. Net profit margin

Select a product with which you are familiar. Describe what types of standard (direct material and direct labor) might be in effect for the product wherever it is produced. For each of these standards, discuss how those standards may become outdated. How frequently would you think the company need to evaluate each of the standards? **Please use different example of the ones we have here

Sailing Voyages Inc. is a company operated by an individual as a summer tourist attraction on the Great Lakes. It operates a sailing schooner offering day cruises for individuals and groups. Over the last few years, the average number of tourists per cruise was 30. The average charge per person for the cruise including group discounts was $100. The company operates from mid-May until mid-September. On average, the ship sails 100 days during this period. ‘The Canadian’ (the name of the schooner) requires a crew of 6, and is captained by the owner of the company. University students with extensive sailing experience have been willing to work on a per diem basis of $100. They are paid only if the ship is cruising. The ship provides non-alcoholic refreshments and a light lunch. These are acquired daily from a local delicatessen and cost, on average, $25 per person. The daily operating expenses fuel and miscellaneous supplies average $50 per cruise. The company has a variety of annual expenses including: maintenance, depreciation, marketing, licenses, etc., totaling approximately $85,000. Required: Prepare an Excel Workbook to answer the following questions in a professional manner. Ensure that you are utilizing Excel features (including links between spreadsheets, formulas, formatting, graphing).

1. Compute the revenue and variable costs for each cruise. Use this to compute the contribution margin per cruise.

2. Compute the number of cruises that ‘Canadian’ must have each year to break-even. Use your knowledge gained in this course to show the different formulas, graphs etc for break-even analysis.

3. The owner expects a total return on capital and remuneration of $125,000. Using the concept of ‘contribution margin’, cost-volume-profit, and target profit calculations, estimate how many cruises the Canadian needs to make to reach this objective. Is this a realistic expectation? Add your thoughts, proposals, and recommendations.

4. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for Sailing Voyages Inc. If the owner wishes to adjust or achieve his income goal, what changes can he make? How can these changes be easily estimated and projected to show how these changes affect net income. Use your imagination, and your knowledge of cost-volume-profit analysis. Highlight your ideas by utilizing the various graphing tools in Excel.

Exercise 5-12 Equivalent Units; Assigning Costs; Cost Reconciliation-Weighted-Average Method [LO5-2, LO5-4, LO5-5]

Superior Micro Products uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. During January, the Delta Assembly Department completed its processing of 26,200 units and transferred them to the next department. The cost of beginning work in process inventory and the costs added during January amounted to $760,760 in total. The ending work in process inventory in January consisted of 4,000 units, which were 80% complete with respect to materials and 60% complete with respect to labor and overhead. The costs per equivalent unit for the month were as follows:

Required:

1. Compute the equivalent units of materials, labor, and overhead in the ending work in process inventory for the month.

2. Compute the cost of ending work in process inventory for materials, labor, overhead, and in total for January.

3. Compute the cost of the units transferred to the next department for materials, labor, overhead, and in total for January.

4. Prepare a cost reconciliation for January. (Note: You will not be able to break the cost to be accounted for into the cost of beginning work in process inventory and costs added during the month.)

Novak Company’s record of transactions for the month of April was as follows.

Assuming that periodic inventory records are kept in units only, calculate the average-cost per unit. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 2.76.)

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Assuming that periodic inventory records are kept in units only, compute the inventory at April 30 using LIFO and average-cost. (Round answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 2,760.)

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Assuming that perpetual inventory records are kept in dollars, determine the inventory using (1) FIFO and (2) LIFO. (Round answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 2,760.)

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Compute cost of goods sold assuming periodic inventory procedures and inventory priced at FIFO. (Round answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 2,760.)

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In an inflationary period, which inventory method—FIFO, LIFO, average-cost—will show the highest net income?

show work and explain

OA company recently hired a payroll service provider to process its payroll-that service provider has essentially taken over the payroll function, and payroll represents OA's largest expense. Comment on the following statement: OA's auditors should make certain that the payroll service provider's most recent financial statements are audited, and that the related audit report includes no indication of a weakness in internal control related to processing its own payroll.

Heidi Jara opened Jara's Cleaning Service on July 1, 2017. During July, the following transactions were completed. July  1 Stockholders invested $20,000 cash in the business in exchange for common stock. 1 Purchased used truck for $9,000, paying $4,000 cash and the balance on account. 3 Purchased cleaning supplies for $2,100 on account. 5 Paid $1,800 cash on a 1-year insurance policy effective July 1. 12 Billed customers $4,500 for cleaning services. 18 Paid $1,500 cash on amount owed on truck and $1,400 on amount owed on cleaning supplies. 20 Paid $2,500 cash for employee salaries. 21 Collected $3,400 cash from customers billed on July 12. 25 Billed customers $6,000 for cleaning services. 31 Paid $350 for the monthly gasoline bill for the truck. 31 Paid a $5,600 cash dividend. The chart of accounts for Jara's Cleaning Service contains the following accounts: No. 101 Cash, No. 112 Accounts Receivable, No. 126 Supplies, No. 130 Prepaid Insurance, No. 157 Equipment, No. 158 Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment, No. 201 Accounts Payable, No. 212 Salaries and Wages Payable, No. 311 Common Stock, No. 320 Retained Earnings, No. 332 Dividends, No. 350 Income Summary, No. 400 Service Revenue, No. 631 Supplies Expense, No. 633 Gasoline Expense, No. 711 Depreciation Expense, No. 722 Insurance Expense, and No. 726 Salaries and Wages Expense. Instructions (a) Journalize and post the July transactions using the general journal tab in Excel (b) Prepare a trial balance at July 31 using the trial balance tab in Excel (b) Trial balance $34,700 (c) Journalize and post the following adjusting entries using the general journal for adjustments tab in Excel. Prepare an adjusted trial balance using the adjusted trial balance tab in Excel. 1. Unbilled and uncollected revenue for services performed at July 31 were $2,700. 2. Depreciation on equipment for the month was $500. 3. One-twelfth of the insurance expired. 4. An inventory count shows $600 of cleaning supplies on hand at July 31. 5. Accrued but unpaid employee salaries were $1,000. (c) Adjusted trial balance $38,900 (d) Prepare an income statement and a retained earnings statement for July and a classified balance sheet at July 31, using the financial statements tab in Excel. (d) Net income $7,200 Total assets $26,800 (e) Journalize and post closing entries using the general journal for closing ent tab in Excel. (g) Prepare a post-closing trial balance at July 31 using the post closing trial balance tab in Excel. (g) Post-closing trial balance $27,300

I need help with the income statement after the adjusting entries are made. I am not getting what my professor says i'm suppose to and cant not figure out why.

A citizen group raised funds to establish an endowment for the Eastville City Library. Under the terms of the trust agreement, the principal must be maintained, but the earnings of the fund are to be used to purchase database and periodical subscriptions for the library. A preclosing trial balance of the library permanent fund follows:

Required:
a. Prepare any closing entries necessary at year-end.
b. Prepare a Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balance for the library permanent fund.
c. Prepare a balance sheet for the Library Permanent Fund (Use Assigned to Library for any spendable fund balance).

Worley Company buys surgical supplies from a variety of manufacturers and then resells and delivers these supplies to hundreds of hospitals. Worley sets its prices for all hospitals by marking up its cost of goods sold to those hospitals by 7%. For example, if a hospital buys supplies from Worley that cost Worley $100 to buy from manufacturers, Worley would charge the hospital $107 to purchase these supplies.

For years, Worley believed that the 7% markup covered its selling and administrative expenses and provided a reasonable profit. However, in the face of declining profits, Worley decided to implement an activity-based costing system to help improve its understanding of customer profitability. The company broke its selling and administrative expenses into five activities as shown:

Worley gathered the data below for two of the many hospitals that it serves—University and Memorial (each hospital purchased medical supplies that had cost Worley $32,000 to buy from manufacturers):

Required:

1. Compute the total revenue that Worley would receive from University and Memorial.

2. Compute the activity rate for each activity cost pool.

3. Compute the total activity costs that would be assigned to University and Memorial.

4. Compute Worley’s customer margin for University and Memorial. (Hint: Do not overlook the $32,000 cost of goods sold that Worley incurred serving each hospital.)

Walsh Company manufactures and sells one product. The following information pertains to each of the company’s first two years of operations:

During its first year of operations, Walsh produced 50,000 units and sold 40,000 units. During its second year of operations, it produced 40,000 units and sold 50,000 units. The selling price of the company’s product is $60 per unit.

Required:

1. Assume the company uses variable costing:

a. Compute the unit product cost for Year 1 and Year 2.

b. Prepare an income statement for Year 1 and Year 2.

2. Assume the company uses absorption costing:

a. Compute the unit product cost for Year 1 and Year 2.

b. Prepare an income statement for Year 1 and Year 2.

3. Reconcile the difference between variable costing and absorption costing net operating income in Year 1.

On December 1, 2015 John Trap created a new travel agency, Trap Adventures, Inc. providing exclusive adventure trips. The following transactions occurred during December 2015. (NOTE: There are no beginning balances – this is a new company.) Dec 1 John Trap invested $60,000 cash in the company for common stock. 2 Purchase office equipment for $17,500 cash. 2 The company rented furnished office space by paying $18,000 cash for the first six months (December 2015 - May 2016) rent. 3 The company purchased $1,500 of office supplies on account. 10 The company paid $3,600 cash for the premium on a 12-month insurance policy. 14 The company paid $10,750 cash for two weeks' salaries earned by employees. 24 The company collected $54,000 cash on commissions from airlines on tickets obtained for customers. 28 The company paid $12,125 cash for two weeks' salaries earned by employees. 29 The company paid $350 cash for minor repairs to the company's computer. 30 The company paid $450 cash for this month's telephone bill. 30 Dividends of $3,000 cash were paid. Final Project Requirements Using the spreadsheet found here and information above, complete the following: Adjustment Data: One month's insurance coverage has expired. The company occupied the office space for the month of December. At the end of the month, $600 of office supplies are still available. Create journal entries to record the transactions that occurred during the month of December. (Completed in Unit 3) Prepare an unadjusted trial balance (Completed in Unit 3) Create adjusting journal entries at the end of the year, December 31 based on the adjustment data. Prepare an adjusted trial balance. Prepare an income statement, statement of stockholders' equity, and classified balance sheet. Create closing journal entries to close all temporary accounts. Prepare post-closing trial balance. In addition, answer TWO of the questions below in 1-2 fully developed paragraphs. A fully developed paragraph should have a major point with 3 to 5 support sentences. One or two sentences is not acceptable or does not discuss the question. Be sure to show what you know!!! Trap Adventures, Inc. is looking for an accountant. In your own words, explain to Trap's hiring team the role of accountant and accounting within business. Provide examples of the expectations of the accountant. Discuss the financial position of Trap Adventures, Inc. using the following ratios: Current ratio Return on equity: For each ratio, provide the calculation and an explanation of the meaning. Is this a positive or negative result for the Trap Adventures, Inc.? Using Trap Adventures, Inc.'s income statement, evaluate the operations for the month of December. Complete a common-size income statement using sales as the base number. What is the largest percentage? What is the smallest percentage? What recommendations could be made to increase Trap's net income? Currently, Trap Adventures, Inc. does not own any loans or bank notes (long-term liabilities). What would happen if Trap decides to obtain a bank loan for $25,000 to fund daily operations? How would this transaction impact the financial statements - which accounts would be affected? What is the debt to equity ratio? What does the debt to equity ratio