How to improve the reliability in the accounting system?

Phil and Jim were roommates in college and have always competed against each other. Since graduating from college, both men were hired at the same company. The company pays bonuses at the end of year based on performance, which also includes a weekend on their boss's yacht. Two years in a row Phil managed to surpass Jim's performance. This year, Jim is determined to get the highest bonus. Imagine you are the accountant and knowing that these two men are rivals, answer the following questions

1. Compare and contrast job order and ABC costing.

2. Determine which costing method would make it easier to detect budget variances or discrepancies.

Phil and Jim were roommates in college and have always competed against each other. Since graduating from college, both men were hired at the same company. The company pays bonuses at the end of year based on performance, which also includes a weekend on their boss's yacht. Two years in a row Phil managed to surpass Jim's performance. This year, Jim is determined to get the highest bonus. Imagine you are the accountant and knowing that these two men are rivals, answer the following questions

1. Compare and contrast job order and ABC costing.

2. Determine which costing method would make it easier to detect budget variances or discrepancies.

Phil and Jim were roommates in college and have always competed against each other. Since graduating from college, both men were hired at the same company. The company pays bonuses at the end of year based on performance, which also includes a weekend on their boss's yacht. Two years in a row Phil managed to surpass Jim's performance. This year, Jim is determined to get the highest bonus. Imagine you are the accountant and knowing that these two men are rivals, answer the following questions

3. Identify the steps in the budget process most susceptible to manipulation. Discuss at least two steps where budget discrepancies would be difficult to detect by managers.

4. Propose the goals that should be measured on the corporate score card to ensure that bonuses are paid to the manager making the greatest financial contribution

Garden Sales, Inc., sells garden supplies. Management is planning its cash needs for the second quarter. The company usually has to borrow money during this quarter to support peak sales of lawn care equipment, which occur during May. The following information has been assembled to assist in preparing a cash budget for the quarter:

1. Budgeted monthly absorption costing income statements for April–July are:

*Includes $28,000 of depreciation each month.

2. Sales are 20% for cash and 80% on account.

3. Sales on account are collected over a three-month period with 10% collected in the month of sale; 70% collected in the first month following the month of sale; and the remaining 20% collected in the second month following the month of sale. February’s sales totaled $260,000, and March’s sales totaled $275,000.

4. Inventory purchases are paid for within 15 days. Therefore, 50% of a month’s inventory purchases are paid for in the month of purchase. The remaining 50% is paid in the following month. Accounts payable at March 31 for inventory purchases during March total $119,000.

5. Each month’s ending inventory must equal 20% of the cost of the merchandise to be sold in the following month. The merchandise inventory at March 31 is $84,000.

6. Dividends of $35,000 will be declared and paid in April.

7. Land costing $43,000 will be purchased for cash in May.

8. The cash balance at March 31 is $57,000; the company must maintain a cash balance of at least $40,000 at the end of each month.

9. The company has an agreement with a local bank that allows the company to borrow in increments of $1,000 at the beginning of each month, up to a total loan balance of $200,000. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month and for simplicity we will assume that interest is not compounded. The company would, as far as it is able, repay the loan plus accumulated interest at the end of the quarter

The company’s president is interested in knowing how reducing inventory levels and collecting accounts receivable sooner will impact the cash budget. He revises the cash collection and ending inventory assumptions as follows:

1. Sales continue to be 20% for cash and 80% on credit. However, credit sales from April, May, and June are collected over a three-month period with 25% collected in the month of sale, 65% collected in the month following sale, and 10% in the second month following sale. Credit sales from February and March are collected during the second quarter using the collection percentages specified in the main section.

2. The company maintains its ending inventory levels for April, May, and June at 15% of the cost of merchandise to be sold in the following month. The merchandise inventory at March 31 remains $84,000 and accounts payable for inventory purchases at March 31 remains $119,000.

Required:

1. Using the president’s new assumptions in (a) above, prepare a schedule of expected cash collections for April, May, and June and for the quarter in total.

2. Using the president’s new assumptions in (b) above, prepare the following for merchandise inventory:

a. A merchandise purchases budget for April, May, and June.

b. A schedule of expected cash disbursements for merchandise purchases for April, May, and June and for the quarter in total.

3. Using the president’s new assumptions, prepare a cash budget for April, May, and June, and
for the quarter in total.

Problem C-6A Activity-based costing LO P2 Patient Health is an outpatient surgical clinic that was profitable for many years, but Medicare has cut its reimbursements by as much as 50%. As a result, the clinic wants to better understand its costs. It decides to prepare an activity-based cost analysis, including an estimate of the average cost of both general surgery and orthopedic surgery. The clinic’s three cost centers and their cost drivers follow. Cost Center Cost Cost Driver Driver Quantity Professional salaries $ 1,850,000 Professional hours 10,000 Patient services and supplies 37,000 Number of patients 500 Building cost 480,000 Square feet 4,000 The two main surgical units and their related data follow. Service Hours Square Feet* Patients General surgery 4,000 830 400 Orthopedic surgery 6,000 3,170 100 *Orthopedic surgery requires more space for patients, supplies, and equipment. Required: Complete the below table. 1. compute the cost per cost driver for each of the three centers. 2. use the results from part 1 to allocate costs from each of the three cost centers to both the general surgery and the orthopedic surgery units. Computer total cost and average post per patient for both the general surgery and the orthopedic surgery units.

Lindon Company is the exclusive distributor for an automotive product that sells for $48.00 per unit and has a CM ratio of 30%. The company’s fixed expenses are $324,000 per year. The company plans to sell 26,500 units this year.

Required:

1. What are the variable expenses per unit? (Round your "per unit" answer to 2 decimal places.)

2. What is the break-even point in unit sales and in dollar sales?

3. What amount of unit sales and dollar sales is required to attain a target profit of $180,000 per year?

4. Assume that by using a more efficient shipper, the company is able to reduce its variable expenses by $4.80 per unit. What is the company’s new break-even point in unit sales and in dollar sales? What dollar sales is required to attain a target profit of $180,000?

For 2018, Mr. Mason Boardman has combined federal and provincial Tax Payable of $62,350. For this year, his employer withheld $61,600.

For 2019, his combined federal and provincial Tax Payable is $29,760. For this year, his employer withheld $13,740.

For 2020, he anticipates having combined federal and provincial Tax Payable of $52,370. He expects that his employer will withhold $47,390.

In January, 2020, you are asked to provide tax advice to Mr. Boardman. He has asked you whether it will be necessary for him to pay instalments in 2020 and, if so, what the minimum amounts that should be paid are, along with the dates on which these amounts are due. Assume that his estimates for 2020 will be accurate.

Required: Provide the information requested by Mr. Boardman. He would like to know what the amount of instalments are under all three options and which is the best option you would recommend.

Tracy Stevens opened a hair salon, named “Tracy Trims” specializing in trims that maintain customer’s hairstyles. The only service available at Tracy’s Trims is minor variations on a “30 minute” haircut for which the customer is charged $20. The shop has five (5) newly trained “trimmers.” (Tracy does not work in the salon. And, as owner/entrepreneur, she takes no salary.)

Her annual cost structure is as follows:

Trimmer annual salary (per person):                                       $36,000

Leases equipment cost per year: 2,400

Store fixtures depreciation per month                                       400

Hair cutting supplies per year 1,500

Salon Lease per month 2,000

Utilities per month on average 200

Tracy is looking at her cost structure and is concerned about making a profit. She is looking at three options:

Option 1:             All cost remain the same as shown above

Option 2:            The landlord has given her the option to pay $1000 per month rent plus 20% of the monthly total revenue.

Option 3.            Pay the trimmer a 50% commission on each hair cut instead of the annual salary.

Option 4:             both Option 2 and Option 3 together

Option 5:             If all costs remain the same as shown above in option 1, and Tracy introduces a new 1-hour service called “wash, cut, and style” and can charge $50 for this service, monthly demand for this service is 80 bookings. How many “Tracy Trims” and “wash, cut, and Style” should the business try to book each month?

Instructions: discuss with your group-

1. For each option make a list of the variable and fixed cost
2. Calculate the break-even point in number of haircuts.
3. Calculate the net income per month use your own sales projections! What happens if all 5 employees are fully booked 5 days a week, which option gives the most profit? What if sales are not good and employees are not fully booked?)
4. Discuss with your group what are the advantages and disadvantages of each option (e.g. what happens when the salon makes lots of sales vs small amount of sales.).

A student planning a career in management wondered why it was important to learn cost and management accounting. How would you respond? Give some examples to support your point of view.

Doug’s Custom Construction Company is considering three new projects, each requiring an equipment investment of $27,280. Each project will last for 3 years and produce the following net annual cash flows.

The equipment’s salvage value is zero, and Doug uses straight-line depreciation. Doug will not accept any project with a cash payback period over 2 years. Doug’s required rate of return is 12%. Click here to view PV table.

(a)

Compute each project’s payback period. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25.)

Which is the most desirable project?

Which is the least desirable project?

(b)

Compute the net present value of each project. (Enter negative amounts using either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -45 or parentheses e.g. (45). Round final answers to the nearest whole dollar, e.g. 5,275. For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided.)

Which is the most desirable project based on net present value?

Which is the least desirable project based on net present value?

Compare the traditional costing system to the ABC system and Recommend, with reasons, which of the two costing systems is most appropriate for the airline sector?write 500 to 800 words and a conclusion that which is the best in between the two!

Drake Corporation is reviewing an investment proposal. The initial cost is $104,400. Estimates of the book value of the investment at the end of each year, the net cash flows for each year, and the net income for each year are presented in the schedule below. All cash flows are assumed to take place at the end of the year. The salvage value of the investment at the end of each year is assumed to equal its book value. There would be no salvage value at the end of the investment’s life.

Drake Corporation uses an 11% target rate of return for new investment proposals.

Click here to view PV table.

(a)

What is the cash payback period for this proposal? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 10.50.)

(b)

What is the annual rate of return for the investment? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 10.50%.)

(c)

What is the net present value of the investment? (If the net present value is negative, use either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -45 or parentheses eg (45). Round answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 125. For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided.)

Sweeten Company had no jobs in progress at the beginning of March and no beginning inventories. The company has two manufacturing departments—Molding and Fabrication. It started, completed, and sold only two jobs during March—Job P and Job Q. The following additional information is available for the company as a whole and for Jobs P and Q (all data and questions relate to the month of March):

Sweeten Company had no underapplied or overapplied manufacturing overhead costs during the month.

Required:

For questions 1-9, assume that Sweeten Company uses departmental predetermined overhead rates with machine-hours as the allocation base in both departments and Job P included 20 units and Job Q included 30 units. For questions 10-15, assume that the company uses a plantwide predetermined overhead rate with machine-hours as the allocation base.

8. Assume that Sweeten Company used cost-plus pricing (and a markup percentage of 80% of total manufacturing cost) to establish selling prices for all of its jobs. What selling price would the company have established for Jobs P and Q? What are the selling prices for both jobs when stated on a per unit basis? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to nearest whole dollar.)

9. What was Sweeten Company’s cost of goods sold for March? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

Sweeten Company had no jobs in progress at the beginning of March and no beginning inventories. The company has two manufacturing departments—Molding and Fabrication. It started, completed, and sold only two jobs during March—Job P and Job Q. The following additional information is available for the company as a whole and for Jobs P and Q (all data and questions relate to the month of March):

10. What was the company’s plantwide predetermined overhead rate? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

11. How much manufacturing overhead was applied to Job P and how much was applied to Job Q? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

12. If Job P included 20 units, what was its unit product cost? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to nearest whole dollar.)

13. If Job Q included 30 units, what was its unit product cost? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to nearest whole dollar.)

Suppose the comparative balance sheets of Skysong, Inc. are presented here. SKYSONG, INC. Condensed Balance Sheet May 31 ($ in millions) 2017 2016 Assets Current Assets $9,550 $8,900 Property, plant, and equipment (net) 2,050 1,850 Other assets 1,480 1,730 Total assets $13,080 $12,480 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current Liabilities $3,230 $3,330 Long-term liabilities 1,270 1,300 Stockholders’ equity 8,580 7,850 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $13,080 $12,480 (a) Prepare a horizontal analysis of the balance sheet data for Skysong, using 2016 as a base. (If amount and percentage are a decrease show the numbers as negative, e.g. -55,000, -20% or (55,000), (20%). Round percentages to 1 decimal place, e.g. 12.1%.) SKYSONG, INC. Condensed Balance Sheet May 31 ($ in millions) 2017 2016 Increase (Decrease) Percentage Change from 2016 Assets Current Assets $9,550 $8,900 $ % Property, plant, and equipment (net) 2,050 1,850 % Other assets 1,480 1,730 % Total assets $13,080 $12,480 $ % Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current Liabilities $3,230 $3,330 $ % Long-term liabilities 1,270 1,300 % Stockholders’ equity 8,580 7,850 % Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $13,080 $12,480 $ % (b) Prepare a vertical analysis of the balance sheet data for Skysong for 2017. SKYSONG, INC. Condensed Balance Sheet $ (in millions) Percent Assets Current Assets $9,550 % Property, plant, and equipment (net) 2,050 % Other assets 1,480 % Total assets $13,080 % Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current Liabilities $3,230 % Long-term Liabilities 1,270 % Stockholders’ equity 8,580 % Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $13,080 %