Question

Earth's climate system includes not only the Sun but also: land surfaces and albedo, water in its three phases, oceans covering much of the planet, and the atmosphere. Explain how each is involved in the climate system.

Answer 1

the climate of the earth mainly depends on the solar radiation from the sun, especially the energy balance between incoming and outgoing energy. the solar constant of the earth is around 1370 watt per square meter, incident on the outer-atmosphere a part of the energy reflects back to space, (nearly 30%) as the albedo increases more energy will reflect back to space, some of the incident energy scattered by the air molecules and rest is absorbed by the land and ocean, when the land heats up it re-radiates long-wavelength radiations. earth is covered with atmosphere constituted by oxygen, carbon dioxide water vapor methane, etc usually known as greenhouse gases, they are opaque to the long-wavelength (thermal) radiations and act as a blanket over the earth and traps the heat and eventually earths temperature rises.

the ocean absorbs a large amount of energy and which transport through the ocean currents, and these energy systems have high effects on climate, the increase of sea surface temperature one of the observed climate change and thereby volume of the ocean increases and floods the islands and shore regions.