In: Physics
The dielectric in a capacitor serves two purposes. It increases the capacitance, compared to an otherwise identical capacitor with an air gap, and it increases the maximum potential difference the capacitor can support. If the electric field in a material is sufficiently strong, the material will suddenly become able to conduct, creating a spark. The critical field strength, at which breakdown occurs, is 3.0 MV/m for air, but 60 MV/m for Teflon.
Uair = |
7.7
|
0.6mm is 0.6/1000 = 600*10^-6 m
The plate area is .17*.17 = 28.9*10^-3 m^2
Air:
The voltage that can be sustained by 0.60 mm of air dielectric
is:
V = 3.0*10^6* 600*10^-6 = 1800 V
The capacitance is:
C = ?*A/d = 8.854*10^-12 * 28.9*10^-3/600*10^-6 = 426*10^-12 F =
426 pF
The energy stored in a capacitor is:
E = (1/2)*C*V^2 = (1/2)*426*10^-12*(1800)^2 = 691*10^-6
J
Teflon:
The voltage is:
V = 60*10^6* 600*10^-6 = 36*10^3 = 36 kV
According to the listed reference, the relative dielectric constant
for teflon is 2.1, this figure multiplies the "?" of free
space.
The capacitance is:
C = ?*A/d = 2.1*8.854*10^-12 * 28.9*10^-3/600*10^-6 = 896*10^-12 F
= 896 pF
It would have been easier to note that the capacitance is 2.1 times
the air-dielectric case.
The maximum energy stored is:
E = (1/2)*C*V^2 = (1/2)* 896*10^-12* (36*10^3)^2 = 580*10^-3
J