Question

Briefly summarize intro to logic. Make sure that you include the following logical terms:

Categorical propositions

Categorical syllogisms

Propositional logic

Predicate logic

Answer 1

The word logic literally means the spoken word which was later connected to the thought because thoughts become words. It was later came to refer to reason whatever is spoken but today, it means a systematic study of inference thus forming valid conclusions. Logic seeks to identify the relation between an assumption and its conclusion. Logical reasoning is one of the most important aspect of the placement exams where they check the reasoning ability of the candidates. Earlier logic was used only in philosophy but today it has become universal thus used in many subjects.

Categorical proposition either accepts or denies that everyone in the population is in a category, no one in the population is not in a category, some in the population is in a category and some in the population is not in a category. For example, all the students are humans, none of the students are humans, some of the students are humans and some of the students are not humans.

Categorical Syllogism proposes three statements where the first two are premises and the third one is conclusion. For example, no man is a boy, no woman is a man so no woman is a boy.

Propositional logic proposes a logical conclusion with the use of two prepositional statements. For example, Steve Jobs is a drop out, Steve Jobs founded a Company, So, if one is a drop out, they could found a company.

Predicate logic is also called logic of quantifiers use all and some to arrive at a conclusion with the help of the given statements. For example all men are farmers, Leo is a man, so, he is a farmer.