Question

Describe three (3) historical theories and practices of people management and show their relationship with developments in international business.

Answer 1

Three historical practices and polixies of people management are as follows,

Deontology

Deontological ethics can be defined as a moral philosophy of the theories in which specific choices are morally required, forbidden or permitted. It is totally based on the first choice is off an individual to select what's wrong and what's right. You have any ability to determine about what kind of thinking should we have and to access our choices.

This is specific type of ethics system focuses on the right or wrongfullness of the action. It also focuses on the characters as well as virtual ethics or habits of the specific individual.

Sometimes these ethics are used to create personal benefits in the organisational structure. Using these ethical terms for creating personal benefits is not right. Most of the times the individual who is using deontological ethics unknowingly goes with the wrong decision. It is always correct according to their thinking as well as definition of ethics.

Duty towards shareholders or owner of the business to the customers and to the Employees for serving the benefits and driving from your business . In this specific factors there is no escape from the responsibility and ethical perspective of an individual which can be considered as a fine example of deontological approach.

Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism can be defined as a philosophy which is produced because it does the greatest good of the greatest number of the citizens. Utilitarian theory can be very effective as well as essential in any business. By applying the utilitarian theory to your business you can easily affect the masses and affecting the masses with your positive ethical decision will directly improve the overall productivity as well as efficiency and the image in society. By making ethical decisions for maximum number of people in an organisation you can improve your image as well as the image of the company in the society. An ethical system which determine the morality as the end of the result is called utilitarianism.

Utilitarianism basically focuses on the mass is rather than focusing on the individual employees of an organisation. Utilitarianism is basically and strategy in which some suffer to allow benefits to the masses. It is not measurable as the purpose of this specific strategy is based on total assumptions and applications. Rather than doing benefit to a specific set of employees this theory specifically focuses on the masses and work on the benefits of more people rather than focusing it to a group of employees.

Government policies are a fine example of utilitarianism which focuses on the masses is but does not focus on some specific people.

Communitarianism

In this type of ethical perspective, and specific individual is the greatest. His specific thinking is directly put on the other followers rather than having a look at the individual rights. It recognises the social basis of morality and also increases the level of participation as well as number of dialogues. Individual rights are mostly deprived in this type of ethical perspective.

For an example, at most of the places for geography is regarded as incompatible with the community standards and usually discouraged by implementation of different zoning laws, but football is highly considered to be very important and given priority by the communities.

P.S.- Please leave a comment if any explanation is needed.