Question

The Mizkhan Museum recently deployed the Quuppa positioning system, powered by Bluetooth technology, to improve the interactive visitor experience and gain valuable information on visitor movement throughout the museum. The app-based solution that guides visitors through the museum from the moment they enter the facility, providing highaccuracy location information. Mizkan can use this information to analyse the pattern of visitor flow and gain insight into which exhibits are the most popular.

Deployment of the Quuppa system took only a single day and has allowed Mizkan to create a wholly unique experience based on how visitors move throughout the museum. [[online] Available at: <https://www.bluetooth.com/blog/]> ]

1. Discuss the prospect of using WiFi technology on indoor positioning instead of

                                      Bluetooth. Provide a comparative analysis.                                                   [10 marks]

2. Draw a conceptual network diagram using Blutooth Technology and explain how the visitors would be tracked during their visit to the Museum.      [5 marks]

3. Both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth utilise the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band, resulting in a potential for interference between the two. Discuss potential techniquies for the

                                      coexistence of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.                                                              [10 marks]

Answer 1

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(a) Discuss the prospects of using WiFi technology on indoor positioning
instead of Bluetooth. Provide a comparative analysis.

One should appreciate the move of the Mizkhan Museum to implement the Bluetooth based positioning system to better manage the museum. However, considering the future requirements caused by the expansion of the museum activities, it would have been better to employ the WiFi technology. instead of the Bluetooth. This is particularly true with respect to the security aspects. range supported, bandwidth, bit rate, latency, frequency range, range of devices supported, etc.

A comparative analysis of WiFi and Bluetooth technologies are given below:

Parameter	WiFi	Bluetooth
Frequency	2.4, 3.6, 5 GHz (Multiple frequencies ; available)	2.4 GHz
Bandwith	High (11 Mbps )	Low ( 800 Kbps )
Security	Better security if properly configured.	Less secure
Devices supported	Notebook/Laptop/desktop/servers | computers, TV, smartphones.	Mobile phones, mouse, keyboards, office and industrial automation devices.
Range	With 802.11b/g the typical range is 32 meters indoors and 95 meters (300 ft) outdoors. 802.11n has greater range. | 2.5GHz Wi-Fi communication has greater | range than 5GHz. Antennas can also increase range.	5-30 meters
Latency	150ms	200ms
Bit Rate	600 Mbps	2.1Mbps

However, the use of WiFi technology has the following undesirable features as compared
to the Bluetooth technology:

• Cost is relatively high
• Power Consumption is relatively high
• More complex to use as it requires configuration of hardware and software

(b) Draw a conceptual Network Diagram and how the visitors would be traced
during their visit to the museum.

The Bluetooth network consists of several piconets that consists up to 8 slave nodes. A slave node can be any device such a smartphone, PDA. etc., with a Bluetooth adapter. Communication takes place between the server computer at the office to the slave nodes either through bridges or direct. A visitor to the museum will be assigned to one of the piconet depending on the visitor's proximity to one of the piconet. Visitor's positions will be updated by switching the piconets. Different piconets are connected together with several bridges to enable communication between the nodes in different piconets. Movements of the visitors can traced at the server computer.

(c) Both WiFi and Bluetooth utilize the unlicensed 2,4 GHz ISM band, resulting
in a potential interference between two. Discuss potential technique for the
co-existence of WiFi and Bluetooth

Different approaches are available to resolve the interference problems between the WiFi and Bluetooth technologies. These approaches include:

1. Collocation without Coexistence Mechanism: This approach simply involves collocating the two wireless devices in a single form factor without any attempt to avoid the potential interference

2. Driver-level Switching between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth: Driver-level switching is a time-division approach, essentially dividing the operational periods for each radio.

3. Adaptive Hopping: Adaptive Hopping is basically a frequency-division approach that theoretically allows modified Bluetooth devices to operate simultaneously with Wi-Fi devices by dividing the frequency band. The Bluetooth would operate in one section, and WiFi in another, non-overlapping section.

4, MAC-level Switching: MAC-level switching is performed in the baseband and basically performs the same functionality as driver-level switching. but at a much faster rate and with predictable latency.

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