Question

A prison warden is concerned about the number of violent incidents occurring during the day at his institution.  The staff psychologist indicates the inmates are probably not sleeping well at night causing them to behave aggressively. The psychologist furthers states that a large number of inmates did not receive proper maternal nurturing as children thereby causing sleep deprivation and aggression.  The warden selects three sleep improvement techniques to be tested among the inmates:  warm milk in a bottle just before bedtime; a correctional officer reading a bedtime story to inmates; and, a lullaby being sung to the inmates.  Three cellblocks will receive one of the three techniques.  A fourth cellblock will receive no technique as a control.  Cellblock 1 (Group 1) will receive warm milk; Cellblock 2 (Group 2) will receive a bedtime story; Cellblock 3 (Group 3) will receive a lullaby; and, Cellblock 4 (Group 4) will receive no treatment (Control).

_____16.  The independent variable is

a.  Cellblock 4 (control)

b.  Sleep deprivation

c.  Prisoners

d.  Warm milk, bedtime story, lullaby, nothing (control)

e.  Violent incidents

_____17.  The dependent variable is

a.  Cellblock 4 (control)

b.  Sleep deprivation

c.  Prisoners

d.  Warm milk, bedtime story, lullaby, nothing (control)

e.  Violent incidents

_____18.  The most appropriate statistical test to evaluate this research question would be

a.  T-test for independent samples

b.  T-test for paired samples

c.  Chi-square

d.  One Way ANOVA

e.  Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r)

_____19.  A parametric statistical test may be used when:

a.  The independent variable is measured on a nominal level and the dependent variable is measured on a nominal level

b.  The independent variable is measured on an interval level and the dependent variable is measured on a nominal level

c.  The independent variable is measured on a nominal level and the dependent variable is measured on an interval level

d.  All of the above

e.  None of the above

_____20.  A non-parametric statistical test may be used when:

a.  The independent variable is measured on a nominal level and the dependent variable is measured on a nominal level

b.  The independent variable is measured on an interval level and the dependent variable is measured on a nominal level

c.  The independent variable is measured on a nominal level and the dependent variable is measured on an interval level

d.  All of the above

e.  None of the above

_____ 21.  A statistical procedure resulted in a significance level of .032.  The researcher can

            a.  Reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternate at the .05 level of error.

            b.  Reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternate at the .01 level of error.

            c.  Accept the null hypothesis at the .05 level of error.

            d.  Accept the null hypothesis at the .01 level of error.

            e.  A & B above

_____22.  A researcher found a strong correlation between the number of hours adjudicated juvenile delinquents played Grand Theft Auto video game and the number of delinquent acts committed over a 3 year period.  The researcher can conclude:

            a.  Playing Grand Theft Auto causes juvenile delinquency.

            b.  Too much playing of Grand Theft Auto leads to delinquency.

            c.  Not playing Grand Theft Auto causes non-delinquent behavior.

            d.  All the above.

            e.  None of the above.

_____23.  When can a researcher accept the null hypothesis as true?

            a.  When the significance is less than .05

            b.  When the significance is more than .05

            c.  When the significance is less than .01

            d.  When the significance is more than .01

            e.  None of the above, one never accepts the null hypothesis as true.

_____24.  Which one of the following variables is measured on a nominal level?

            a.  Eye color

            b.  Test score

            c.  Temperature in Celsius

            d.  Temperature in Kelvin

            e.  Weight in pounds

_____25.  Which one of the following variables is measured on an interval/ratio level?

            a.  Geographic location

            b.  House number as street address

            c.  IQ

            d.  Letter grade in a class

            e.  Gender

Answer 1

16.

Independent variable remains uninfluenced of other. Here different treatments are applied randomly.

Hence, the independent variable is d. Warm milk, bedtime story, lullaby, nothing (control).

17.

Value of dependent variable changes by the influence of one or more independent variables. Here amount of sleep deprivation is expected to be influenced by different types of treatments.

Hence, the dependent variable is b. Sleep deprivation.

18.

More than two (four here) groups of samples are observed and data is collected to compare. So, we have to perform analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Hence, the most appropriate statistical test to evaluate this research question would be d. One Way ANOVA.

19.

We perform parametric statistical test when both independent and dependent data are on interval level.

Hence, a parametric statistical test may be used when e. None of the above.

20.

We perform non-parametric statistical test when dependent variable is on nominal level and the independent variable is on interval level.

Hence, a non-parametric statistical test may be used when b. The independent variable is measured on an interval level and the dependent variable is measured on a nominal level.

21.

We reject a null hypothesis if resulted significance level (known as p-value) is lesser than allowed level of error (known as level of significance of the test). Here, the statistical procedure resulted in a significance level of .032.

Hence, the researcher can a. Reject the null hypothesis in favour of the alternate at the .05 level of error.

22.

A researcher found a strong correlation between the number of hours adjudicated juvenile delinquents played Grand Theft Auto video game and the number of delinquent acts committed over a 3 year period. So, with increase of one other increases and with decrease of one other decreases.

The researcher can conclude d.  All the above.

23.

We assume a null hypothesis and find whether there is significant evidence to reject it or not. We just reject or fail to reject null hypothesis. We never accept null hypothesis.

Hence, e. None of the above, one never accepts the null hypothesis as true.

24.

A nominal level data can not be represented using numerical values. It can be represented using noun or adjective.

Hence, an example of nominal level data is a. Eye colour.

25.

Interval/ratio level data can be represented using numerical value.

Hence, an example of interval/ratio level variable is c. IQ.