Question

The Lewis Structure for NO^3- 4

Answer 1

An outline of how to detemine the "best" Lewis structure for an example, NO3- is given below:

1. Determine the total number of valence electrons in a molecule

2. Draw a skeleton for the molecule which connects all atoms using only single bonds. In simple molecules, the atom with the most available sites for bondng is usually placed central. The number of bonding sites is detemined by considering the number of valence electrons and the ability of an atom to expand it's octet. As you become better, you will be able to recognise that certain groups of atoms prefer to bond together in a certain way.

3. Of the 24 valence electrons in NO3-, 6 were required to make the skeleton. Consider the remaining 18 electrons and place them so as to fill the ocets of as many atoms as possible (start with the most electronegative atoms first then proceed to the more electropositive atoms).

4. Are the octets of all the atoms filled? If not then fill the remaining octets by making multiple bonds (make a lone pair of electrons, located on a more electronegative atom, into a bonding pair of electrons that is shared with the atom that is electron defficient).

5. Check that you have the lowest FORMAL CHARGES possible for all the atoms, without violating the octet rule; (valence e-) - (1/2 bonding e-) - (lone electrons).

6. You may find that the best Lewis diagram (the one with the lowest formal charges and all octets satisfied) is given in a number of different ways. For NO₃^-, three different diagrams are given below. From left to right they start with the most complete Lewis diagram to the most simplified.