1.Please describe how hybridization tells you about chemical structures? What is a good rule of thumb...

1.Please describe how hybridization tells you about chemical structures? What is a good rule of thumb about where groups are arranged around any central atom? Provide a reaction mechanism (i.e. movement of electrons shown) for an organic reaction to illustrate the answer from 1 , and explain how the shape of the molecule changes during a chemical reaction

Expert Solution

* Hybrid orbitals can arrange around the central atom in a direction where there is least repulsions among the electrons in hybrid orbitals. SO, dpending upon the number of hybrid orbitals (HYbridisation) we cna be able to predict the arrangement of these orbital around the central and thus the structure of the molecule.

Ex:

Hybridisation Geometry

SP - Linear

SP2 - trigonal planar

SP3 - Tetrahedral

sp3d - Trigonal bipyramidal

sp3d2 - octahedral

sp3d3 - pentagonal bipyramidal

* Rule of thumb:

A rule of thumb for determing the D/L isomeric form of an amino acid is the CORN rule. The groups: COOH, R, NH2, H (where R is an unnamed carbon chain)are arranged around the chiral centre caron atom. If these groups are arranged clockwise around the carbon atom, then it is the L - form. If counter - clockwise, it is the D - form.This rule only holds when the hydrogen atom is pointing out of the page.

Ex:

queen_honey_blossom answered 1 year ago

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