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How are specific technologies used differently by different art/design practices? How do these differences demonstrate: (1) in how a practice defines or approaches that technology in the first place and (2) uses it to reveal and present different sorts of ideas and works? Please choose a specific technology (1860 or later) and discuss the history of its appearance and development. Discuss in some detail how (at least) two clearly dissimilar art/design practices have approached, employed, and/or critiqued that same technology. Give examples of specific works and specific writing by 2-3 different artist/designers. What are the ideas and arguments they have at stake? Some suggestions for core technologies: celluloid film, database, magnetic tape, video, white box gallery, incandescent and crepuscular light, software.