Question

Discuss the evolution and significance of the profession of architecture.

Answer 1

Architecture is often driven by the desire to solve problems. From the earliest construction, which was necessary to provide security and shelter, to more recent examples of architectural skill used to take advantage of vertical space, this is a sector with a focus on progression and problem solving. The way in which architecture has changed over time provides a fascinating insight into the development of the human race, from the influence of industry to technological progress. In this whitepaper we will look at some of the key influences in Western architecture, focusing on the industrial revolution, as well as analysing some of the more unusual architectural styles and iconic European architecture projects.

527 – 1200 :

Architectural style evolved into something much more graceful through the Byzantine and Romanesque periods. It was during 527 – 1200 that the majority of architecture began to use brick instead of stone, changing forever the way that buildings would be constructed. Domed roofs and elaborate mosaics appeared in many religious constructions. Christian buildings provide some fine examples of the ways in which Western Architecture was changing, such as the first Christian basilicas in Rome and, later, the Hagia Sophia in Turkey. The use of rounded arches was a particularly prominent architectural style during this time, especially in the construction of churches and cathedrals.

Technology :

In recent years the biggest influence on architecture has been the availability of technology, such as computer programming and software. This has made ever more ambitious projects possible, from eco structures through to those that appear to defy gravity. New structural methods, such as cantilevering, have become common and construction today often involves innovative materials as well as unusual aesthetics. The current period of architecture is often called ‘Neo-Modernism’ and is characterised by the boldness and eccentricity of design that is enabled by the involvement of technology like computers. Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain is a great example.

The influence of The Industrial Revolution :

The main influence during this era was in terms of construction materials, both those that could be put into buildings and those that could be used to create tools and equipment with which to engineer construction. Some of the key changes to note during this time included:

• Switching from manual to machine driven manufacturing
• Increasing use of water and steam power
• The beginning of chemical manufacturing
• The use of machine tools

The importance of iron and glass :

The UK already had an existing iron industry but, before The Industrial Revolution, it was quite limited. Innovation during this time removed many of the obstacles to the mass production of iron and this was to have a significant impact on architecture of the period – and of the future. In particular, it made the use of iron frames in construction possible. Marshall, Benyou, and Bage’s flourmill in Shropshire was one of the first buildings to be constructed using an iron frame. Iron frames not only made for stronger construction but were also much safer than the timber structures they replaced – which were far less fire resistant.

By all this architecture is evolved.

THE FUTURE OF ARCHITECTURE AS A PROFESSION :

In order to effectively adapt to this future, we, as architects, need to shift our focus to the end-user experience, speed to market, the efficiency of programmed space, and efficiency of construction. In addition to aesthetically beautiful designs, there will be more emphasis on how a building operates and supports the end-users, and their overall experience. The architecture of the building is an extension of the client’s business, a tool to enhance the occupants and the members of the community.

Many architectural achievements throughout history have been driven by the art form and the ego. With the modern shift towards performance and the business necessity of creating a functional building for the client’s need, the architect of the future must strike a balance between form and function, art and science, as well as technology and soul. Only time will tell just how balanced these concepts will be but, at present, they’re exhibiting a synergy that makes it a truly fascinating time to be an architect.

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