Question

Answer the following   

A. Specify type of lipoprotein which is abnormal in Familial

hypertriglyceridemia.

B. Write the two processes may lead to Hypertriglyceridemia

C. Compare the metabolic pathway of that lipoprotein in both normal and

patient with Familial hypertriglyceridemia (Draw the pathway or use a

figures) ( from any website )

D. Write the difference between Familial hypertriglyceridemia disease and

Familial mixed hyperlipedemia

E. Fibrates used as modulator for fat metabolism, explain the mechanism

of action

Answer 1

A. Familial hypertriglyceridemia is a type of disease in which VERY LOW DENSITY PROTEINS(VLDL) are  over produced  and metabolism is decreased .here rare forms of hypertriglyceridemia is seen where lipase (lipoprotein) is seen.

B.The two processes include Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency and obesity.here in the LAL deficiency,enough amounts of lipase enzyme is not produced ,so break down of fat molecules fails and hypergluceridemia occurs.Next coming to obesity,more fat in the body is accumulated in the skin,stomach etc.,and levels of triglucerides increases and leads to hypertriglyceridemia.

C.Cholesterol and triglycerides are transported in lipoproteins , these are spherical particles which  differ in size and composition. Each particle is composed of a central core which consists  of cholesteryl ester and triglycerides. Free cholesterol, phospholipids, and apolipoproteins are found on the particle surface. Chylomicrons are the largest lipoproteins which are  Produced by the intestine, these particles carry fats that are absorbed from the diet. In healthy people,they remain for short time. Chylomicrons are large and light; that is, their density is low. since fat floats on water, particles with high fat and low protein content have lower density. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is a triglyceride-rich particle produced by the liver. The removal of triglycerides from VLDL converts this particle to intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), where  low-density lipoprotein (LDL),called “bad cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein (HDL, or “good cholesterol”) is formed in the blood as a byproduct of the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and the deposition of esterified cholesterol from peripheral tissues.In familial hypertriglyceridemia, VLDL not metabolised properly and this disease is a genetic disorder.

D.In familial hypertriglyceridemia,disorder is caused by high levels of triglycerides and cholesterol may be normal or slightly high where as in familial mixed triglyceridemia,LDL cholesterol levels are high and isolated triglycerides are also high.

E. Fibrates act as modulators for fat metabolism because it lower blood triglyceride levels by reducing the liver's production of VLDL ..It helps fast to remove  triglycerides from the blood.Fibrates are very effective in increasing HDL cholesterol levels in the body.When a patient suffers from high triglycerides which leads to many diseases,use of tablets containing fibrates increases HDL and reduces triglycerides but it cannot reduce LDL cholesterol levels.