Question

1. If you were to observe the interstellar medium over time, you would notice an increase of heavy elements. Why does this happen?
2. What is the evidence for dark matter?
3. How are stars orbiting Sagittarius A* evidence of it being a supermassive black hole?

4. Dark matter helps create the structure in the universe by causing galaxies to do what?

   Question 17 options:

   A.cluster along filaments of high galaxy density while creating voids with few galaxies.

   B.cluster into spherical clumps of galaxies

   C.form bubbles of galaxies around voids of no galaxies

   D.be spread uniformly across the universe

Answer 1

The intersteller medium(ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy. This matter includes gas as well as dust and cosmic rays.The heavier elements in the ISM are mostly a result of enrichment in the process of stellar evolution.Steller evolution is the process by which a star changes over the course of time. Depending on the mass of the star, its lifetime can range from a few million years.

Dark matter was initially called "missing matter" because astronomers could not find it by observing the universe in any part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Dark matter is in the cluster accounts for the unexplained mass. According to computer models, there are two possibilities for how dark matter would have been formed. Cold dark matter would have been moving slowly by the time of galaxy formation; hot dark matter would still have been moving quickly.

Sagittarius A* is a astronomical radio source at the center of the Milky Way, near the border of the constellations Sagittarius and Scorpius. It is the location of a supermassive black hole. Observations of a number of stars orbiting around Sagittarius A*, most notably the star S2, have been used to provide evidence for the presence of, and produce data about, the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole, and have led scientists to conclude that Sagittarius A* is beyond any reasonable doubt the site of that black hole.

The cluster is composed of thousands of galaxies enveloped in a gigantic cloud of hot gas, and an amount of dark matter equivalent to more than a hundred trillion Suns. The hot gas in the cluster is held in the cluster primarily by the gravity of the dark matter, so the distribution of the hot gas is determined by that of the dark matter.

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