Question

please answer the following detailed in a paragraph. I am really struggling with this concept. thanks!

Microorganisms can thrive under many different conditions, including high-temperature environments such as hot springs. To function properly, cell membranes have to be in a fluid state. How do you expect the fatty acid content (saturated versus unsaturated) of bacteria living in high-temperature environments might compare with that of bacteria living in more moderate temperatures?

2. Heating a protein sufficiently may cause it to denature. Considering the definition of denaturation, what does this statement say about the strengths of peptide bonds in comparison to hydrogen bonds?

Answer 1

Answer:

1):

• the microorganisms which live in extremely hot environments are called as hyperthermophile..
• the cell membrane of these microorganisms contain high levels of saturated fatty acids to retain cell membrane shape/integrity, along with high permeability barriers for proper functioning of lipid membrane.

2):

• As we know, the proteins are polymers of amino acids and have peptide bond between two amino acids.
• for proper function and shape, a protein or an enzyme needs an ambient temperature.
• if temperature increased, protein denatured, their secondary and tertiary structures altered but the peptide bond (between two amino acids ) of primary structure remain intact.
• if a protein in (A) quaternary structure - denaturation - the protein sub-units are dissociated and spatial arrangement of of protein sub-units is altered/disrupted.
• protein in (B) tertiary structure - denaturation - covalent interaction between amino acids side chains disturbed.
• eg. disulfide bridges between cysteine groups, non-covalent dipole -dipole interactions between polar amino acids side chain and surrounding environment (solvent - water), van der waals interactions between non polar amino acids side chain.
• protein in (C) secondary structure - denaturation - regular repeating pattern of alpha helics and beta-pleated sheets is lost.

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