Question

1. What function do fungi have in common with bacteria?

2. What % of plants obtain minerals through symbiotic relationships with fungi? _______________

3. The cell wall of fungi is made of this substance: ________________________

4. Multicellular fungi consist of thread-like structures called ________________________ that combine to form a thick mat of thread-like fibers called a _____________________________.

5. All fungi are heterotrophs/autotrophs (circle one).

6. Some fungi are saprobes. This means that they obtain nutrients from __________________________________________________.

7. How do fungi obtain nutrients? Explain. 8. What is “budding”?

9. In YOUR OWN WORDS, describe what happens during plasmogamy:

10. What is a dikaryon?

11. IN YOUR OWN WORDS, describe what happens during karyogamy.

12. Karyogamy results in the formation of _________________________________________.

13. Meiosis converts a zygote nucleus into _________________________________________. Know all parts of the generalized fungus life cycle diagram.

14. Define conidial fungi:

15. Scientists believe that the fungi arose from ___________________________________________________________________________.

16. The chytrid fungi (Chytridiomycota) are the ONLY fungi that _______________________ __________________________________________________________________________.

17. What does #16 tell you about the chytrid fungi, compared to the rest of the fungal groups? 18. What is the ecological significance of the chytrid fungi? Explain. This is REALLY important!!!

19. The zygomycetes (Zygomycota) reproduce sexually by structures called __________________________________.

20. What happens after a zygospore undergoes meiosis?

Answer 1

1. What function do fungi have in common with bacteria?

Fungi plays an essential role in ecosystems because both of them are decomposers and participate in the cycling of nutrients by breaking down organic and inorganic materials to simple molecules. Mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria assists many plants to obtain nutrients from the soil.

2. What % of plants obtain minerals through symbiotic relationships with fungi?

About 90 % of today's vascular plants have rhizosphere associations with fungi. 83% of Dicots, 79% of Monocots and 100% of Gymnosperms have mycorrhizal associations.

Mycorrhiza converts insoluble form of phosphorus into soluble forms. Only 10-20 % of higher plants: members of Brassicacea, Cyperaceae, Junaceae and aquatic plants do not form mycorrhizal associations.

3. The cell wall of fungi is made of this substance: chitin.

Chitin is a fibrous biopolymer that consisting of structural polysaccharides, which is the major constituent of cell walls in fungi and the exoskeleton of arthropods.

4. Multicellular fungi consist of thread-like structures called hypha that combine to form a thick mat of thread-like fibers called a mycelium.

The hypha is the long, branching filamentous vegetative structure of a fungus, and are collectively called a mycelium.