Question

Question:

1.Find an example of reported statistical data on the internet, newspaper or magazine. it should include data that was collected from sampling.

2.give the link of the website

Paragraph 1: Summarize the article and data collected. Indicate any techniques used to collect the data, the sample and population. Please be aware that your article may not include all of this information. You may have to speculate how the data was collected and what the sample and population are. Alternatively you may have to simply indicate that the information was not provided.            

Paragraph 2: Summarize the pros or positive aspects of the article concentrating on statistical aspects and the presentation of any data. You may comment on any graphs or tables if they are provided.

Paragraph 3: Summarize the cons or negative aspects of the article concentrating on statistical aspects and the presentation of any data. You may comment on any graphs or tables if they are provided.

Paragraph 4: Give your overall opinion of the article concentrating on the statistical aspects.

Answer 1

Lets take the data on MEDICAL ILLNESS.

LINK:- https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness.shtml

1. SUMMARY

(A) Mental illnesses are common in the United States. Nearly one in five U.S. adults lives with a mental illness (44.7 million in 2016). Mental illnesses include many different conditions that vary in degree of severity, ranging from mild to moderate to severe. Two broad categories can be used to describe these conditions: Any Mental Illness (AMI) and Serious Mental Illness (SMI). AMI encompasses all recognized mental illnesses. SMI is a smaller and more severe subset of AMI.

(B) Data can be 'Primary data’, ‘secondary data’, or ‘existing data’

• Based on the usage of the National Institute of Health (NIH) in the United States, ‘primary data analysis’ is limited to the analysis of data by members of the research team that collected the data, which are conducted to answer the original hypotheses proposed in the study.
• All other analyses of data collected for specific research studies or analyses of data collected for other purposes (including registry data) are considered ‘secondary analyses of existing data’

There are two general approaches for analyzing existing data: the ‘research question-driven’ approach and the ‘data-driven’ approach.

2.PROS:-

1. various heads under mental illness is analysed and data corresponding to each sub-head is measured.
2. The most obvious advantage of the secondary analysis of existing data is the low cost.
3. the data posted online are usually cleaned by professional staff members who often provide detailed documentation about the data collection and data cleaning process.
4. teams conducting large-scale population-based surveys that are made available to others usually employ statisticians to generate ready-to-use survey weights and design variables
5. The availability of such databases also provides statisticians with real-life data to test new statistical models. Such analyses could identify potential new interventions to existing problems that can subsequently be tested in prospective studies.

3. CONS:-

1. Inherent to the nature of the secondary analysis of existing data, the available data are not collected to address the particular research question or to test the particular hypothesis.
2. to protect the confidentiality of respondents, publicly available datasets usually delete identifying variables about respondents, variables that may be important in the intended analysis such as zip codes, the names of the primary sampling units, and the race, ethnicity, and specific age of respondents.
3. researchers who are analyzing the data are not usually the same individuals as those involved in the data collection process.
4. the amount of documentation is daunting (particularly for complex, large-scale surveys conducted by government agencies), so users may miss important details unless they are prominently presented in the documents.

4. OPINION:-

This discusses several issues but great advantage is that secondary analyses can dramatically increase the overall efficiency of the research effort and - a secondary advantage - give young researchers with good ideas but little access to research funds the opportunity to test their ideas.

NIH has released several program announcements specifically designed to promote secondary analysis of existing datasets. Other countries and some large health care providers also make registry data available to qualified researchers.