Question

1-If an investigator is systematically varying the delay between the instrumental response and the subsequent delivery of the reinforcer, she is investigating

       
a-temporal contiguity in instrumental conditioning.

       
b-response reinforcer contingency.

       
c-negative contrast.

       
d-delayed conditioning procedures.

2-According to Thorndike what is the function of a reinforcer?

       
a-To strengthen the association between a stimulus and a response.

       
b-To strengthen the association between a reinforcer and a response.

       
c-To strengthen the association between a stimulus and a reinforcer.

       
d-To reduce the drives that force animals to action.

3-Which of the following correctly describes the phenomenon of 'blocking'?

       
a-Prior conditioning with CS1 increases responding to the added stimulus CS2.

       
b-Prior conditioning with CS1 prevents conditioning to the added stimulus CS2.

       
c-Prior conditioning with CS1 is blocked by the new added stimulus CS2.

       
d-Prior conditioning with CS1 is enhanced by the new added stimulus.

4-In the Lieberman et al. (1979) study just after the instrumental response, an intense noise (marker) was presented. Under these circumstances, the instrumental learning became resistant to the delay of reinforcement because

       
a-the marker acts as a conditioned stimulus.

       
b-the marker increases the drive level of the organism.

       
c-the marker increases the activity of the organism.

       
d-the marker helps to distinguish the instrumental response from other responses.

5-The blocking effect indicates that for the establishment of an association between a CS and a US,

       
a-contiguity between a CS and a US is enough.

       
b-US intensity is very important.

       
c-contiguity between a CS and a US is not enough.

       
d-CS type is very important.

6-In which of the contingencies below does the instrumental response procedure an appetitive stimulus?

       
a-Negative reinforcement.

       
b-Punishment.

       
c-Positive reinforcement.

       
d-Omission training.

7-Which of the following findings strongly supports the compensatory response model?

       
a-The finding that the nature of the CR is identical to the UR.

       
b-The finding that in many classical conditioning situations involving drugs as the US, the form of the CR is opposite the forms of the UR.

       
c-The finding that in higher order conditioning sometimes S-R rather than S-S types of associations are observed.

       
d-The finding that in sensory preconditioning always S-S type associations are observed

8-Under which of the following conditions will the CS be associated with the US most rapidly?

       
a-If the CS is familiar, relatively weak, and related to the US

       
b-If the CS is novel, relatively intense, and related to the US.

       
c-If the CS is novel, relatively weak, and not related to the US.

       
d-If the CS is novel, relatively intense, and not related to the US.

Answer 1

1)Option B

Because in a reinforcement contingency the opportunity (connection) between a response and a reinforcer. The possibility may additionally fare thee properly if the event of the reinforcer is step by step probably once the response or negative on the off probability that it's less workable as soon as the response.Also called response support

2)Option B

Analyzing Examples of Operant securing.There ar 5 essential structures in operant trim: high quality and negative assist support direct; discipline, response cost, and disposal exhaust lead where as in other options it doesn't match up with the equivalent of it.

3) Option A

conditioned stimulus is a replacement upgrade that triggers an indistinguishable response in a dwelling being as an unconditioned lift. Fundamentally, an adapted improve makes a natural shape answer to one aspect due to the fact that it's related to one factor absolutely extraordinary. For example Pavlov's pooch figured out the first-class method to salivate at the sound of a

4)Option D

Because it suddenly hypertensive gnawer is predicted to show first-rate authenticity as a version of suspected insufficiency disappointed issue, to a confined diploma as a effects of impaired conceded bolster direct, concerning the dynamic developmental hypothesis of the disturbance.

5) Option A

6) Option C

7) Option C

8) Option B

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