Question

Write a short note on how mature mRNA is produced in eukaryotes?

Answer 1

A pre-mRNA go through a few steps to become a mature mRNA. The steps includes:-

• Addition of a 5' cap and poly-A tail to the beginning and end of the RNA respectively

• Splicing

The group at the 5' end is called a cap which is added to the beginning of RNA in order protect the transcript from breaking down and to help the ribosome attach to the mRNA and start reading it to make a protein. The group at the 3' end is called a tail which is added to the end of RNA to make the transcript more stable. This helps it get exported from the nucleus to the cytosol which is further used to make a protein.

In RNA splicing, introns which are parts of pre-mRNA are removed by the spliceosome. Introns are noncoding sections of RNA transcript which are removed before the RNA molecule is translated into proteins. The pieces of the RNA that are not spliced out are called exons. The exons are joined together by the spliceosome to make the final, mature mRNA that is exported out of the nucleus.

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