Explain what characteristics of functional groups make an
organic compound lipophilic and what ones make a compound
hydrophilic. Explain why these characteristics are lipophilic or
hydrophilic.
What are functional groups? How do the differing charges of
functional groups influence the behavior of the functional groups,
the structure of molecules bearing the functional groups, and the
interactions of the molecules with water?
This is Organic Chemistry Lab, Solvent Extraction.
1. What are the criteria for solubility of organic molecules in
water?
2. If methylene chloride was used as the organic solvent in
solvent extraction, instead of ether, what would the top layer be
in the separation step?
3. What formula was used to calculate interaction of organic
compounds with the stationary phase?
4. In the given mixture (liquid-liquid), which compound (be
specific) has the weakest interaction with the stationary phase?
Why?
Some uncharged organic compounds have so many polar functional
groups that they are somewhat soluble in water. During an
extraction such compounds reside partially in the water layer and
partially in the water-immiscible organic layer. Why does the
addition of a salt (like NaCl) to the aqueous phase often diminish
the solubility of the polar organic (uncharged) compounds in the
aqueous phase (the process is referred to as “salting out”)? Please
explain.