Question

What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?

List the 6 glial cells and list at least one function for each.

Name two functions of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF).

The modified blood vessels that are lined with ependymal cells and produce CSF are called ______.

The spaces/chambers within the brain that allow CSF to flow internally are called ________.

What are the differences between White matter and Gray matter?

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for voluntary motor functions and “higher” thought processes?

Which part of the brainstem controls heart rate, respiratory rates and blood pressure?

Which part of the brainstem controls most homeostatic mechanisms of the body including metabolism and body temperature.

The gray matter found inside of the cerebrum that is involved with “primitive” functions such as emotions, mood and memory is called the ___________.

Answer 1

Afferent neurons	Efferent neurons
Also known as sensory neurons	also known as motor neurons
Unipolar	multipolar
Carries sensations from the periphery towards the CNS	carries motor impulses from CNS to the periphery
Consists of short axon	consists of long axon
Consists of Receptor	No Receptor present

2. There are 4 neuroglial cells in CNS and 2 in PNS.

CNS:- Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Ependymal cells, Microglia.

PNS:- Schwann cells, Satellite cells.

Astrocytes are the largest and most numerous. These are star shaped with many dendrite like processes whose ends possess small swelling is called food processes. It forms the blood brain barrier. It is the first cell to get activated after an injury to brain.

Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath around the fibres of CNS.

Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and Central canal of spinal cord.

Microglia are the phagocytic cells.

Satellite cells surround the cell bodies of autonomic and sensory ganglia to which they provide nutrition and support.

Schwann cells form myelin sheath around the nerve fibres of PNS.

3) Functions of CSF:-

1. It serves as a cushion between the CNS and surrounding bones.
2. It acts as a shock absorber (prevents or diminishes the transmission of shocking forces to the CNS).
3. It nourishes CNS.
4. It removes the waste products from the CNS.

4) The chambers inside the brain which allow the flow of CSF are called Ventricles. There are three ventricles:- 2 Lateral ventricles, 1 third ventricle and 1 fourth ventricle. Lateral ventricles are the largest ventricles and are present inside the cerebrum. Third ventricle is present between the thalamus and hypothalamus. Fourth ventricle is present between the pons and the cerebellum.