Question

5. Why was it crucial for you to use ice cold water and maintain the reaction mixture less than 10 deg. Celsius ?

4.Unlike alkenes, why do aromatic compounds instead undergo EAS Reactions?

2.What is the electrophile in this reaction?

Answer 1

Solution

5 . Use ice cold water and maintain the reaction mixture less than 10 deg. Celsius because If the reaction is exothermic, the ice bath removes heat so that the reaction still proceeds but does not overheat the liquid reactants. This helps to prevent the liquid from boiling ('foaming') over.Cooling water in many cases is a control mechanism to prevent run away reactions which may lead to an explosive situation. It is used to reduce the exothermic or endothermic reaction from two or more reactants.

4. The aromatic structure provides significant additional stability to the molecule. Substitution reactions allow the aromatic structure to remain, whereas additions would change the C-C bonding away from being aromatic. This would be unfavourable. While in case of alkene alkenes has both pi and sigma bond but the pi bonds are labile hence it can easily be attached to the reagent (electrophile) to form electrophilic addition product. Hence , electrophilic addition occurs.

2 . Electrophiles are any atoms or molecules known to be electron deficient and that carry a partial (or fully) positive charge and will seek an electron pair to form a covalent bond.An example of an electrophile is a Lewis Acid. Other examples include Br+, Cl+, and CH3+.Electrophiles are positively charged or neutral species having vacant orbitals that are attracted to an electron rich centre. It participates in a chemical reaction by accepting an electron pair in order to bond to a nucleophile.