Question

1. List the different types of ligands based on chemical (molecular) structure, and indicate where the target cell receptor would be located for each type of ligand and why? (3 pts)

2. List 3 types of dominance and indicate the type of dominance the ABO blood thpe would fall under

Answer 1

Ligand is a molecule or ion that binds to a central metal atom in order to form a complex.

There are different types of ligands

Unidendate ligand

Ligand with one donor atom

Bidendate ligand

Ligand with two donor atom

Tridendate ligands

Ligand with three donor atom

Hexadendate ligands

Ligand with three donor atom.

Chelating ligands

Ligand with multiple donor atom.

Here the question is about the classification of ligands based on the chemical molecular structure so

Again ligands are classified based on the chemical molecular structure as

. Small hydrophobic ligands

. Water soluble ligands

Hydrophobic ligands have the ability to pass the plasma membrane and hence interact with intracellular receptors . Estrogens testosterone are examples of hydrophobic ligands. Here receptors are found inside the cell. Water soluble ligands are polar and cannot cross plasma membrane. Extracellular domain of cell surface receptors binds to water soluble ligands. Cell surface receptors include ion channel receptors. G protein receptors...

2.

There are mainly 3 types of dominance

. Overdominance

. Incomplete dominance

. Codominance

ABO blood group is an example of codominance.

In overdominance the the heterozygote have high extreme phenotype than homozygote.

Eg. Alles of sickle cell Anemia

When the heterozygote phenotype is intermediate between two homozygote then it is incomplete dominance.

Eg. Tail length in dogs

Flower colour in Snap dragon

ABO blood group is due to codominance . Here both alleles get expressed. In ABO blood grouping if both A and B alleles are present they show codominance. Both allele gets expressed.

Eg. Codominance in cattles

RR Red cattle X WW White cattle

R. W

RW Roan cattle

Is another example of codominance.