Question

Putting yourself in the position as a medical professional describe what the following tests are and how you would properly utilize them to help patients.

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

Kirby-Bauer Disk Susceptibility Test

RNA Synthesis Inhibitors

Pros/Cons of the following types of drugs

Penicillins

Quinolones

Tetracyclines

Streptogramins

Viracept

Answer 1

Answer-

According to the given question-

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration or MIC- It is the amount of lowest concentration of drug required to stop the growth of microorganism when incubated overnight.

A low MIC value indicated that less amount of drug is needed for inhibition of growth of the microorganism and work as effective antimicrobial agents. MIC value helps in improving the result of drug when given to a patients and also preventing the evolution of microbial strains which are drug-resistant.

Kirby-Bauer Disk Susceptibility Test-

is used to measure how a bacteria is sensitive for a particular antibiotics when grown in the culture medium along with the drug and minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotic is calculated by measure the zone of inhibition which is the area where microorganism are unable to grow and to check its how effective it is against a specific bacteria responsible for causing infection to a individual.

Kirby-Bauer Test results are classified based on sensitivity and size of the zone of inhibition into-

• sensitive,
• intermediate,
• resistant,

So by using this test we can choose appropriate antibiotics which are effective against a particular infection because this antibiotic specifically target a specific bacteria responsible for causing the infection and we can overcome this effect by using broad-spectrum antibiotics.

RNA Synthesis Inhibitors- are those drugs which inhibit transcription of RNA from DNA such as rifamycins. so by doing this we can prevent the growth and formation of protein by the microorganism inside the patient because proteins formed by micobes are main cause of disease due to microorganism

Drug	Advantages	disadvantages
penicillin	prevent bacteria from growing and multiplying prevent dental infections	diarrhea, vomiting, nausea
Quinolones	treatment of urinary tract infections, skin infections , lower respiratory tract infections	dyspepsia , nausea, insomnia , headache , dizziness
Tetracyclines	for treatment of infection of intestine, respiratory tract , urinary tract , lymph nodes , Cholera , Skin Infection	Headache , Hypersensitivity , Visual Disturbances , Jaundice
Streptogramins	For treatment of Soft Tissue Infection , skin infection	slurred speech , Headache , ,diarrhea,Jaundice
Viracept	for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)	chest pain , rapid heart rate, unusual bleeding from mouth , nose