Question

1. which of the following is (are) required for evolution?

a. high stable genome

b. mutation

c. competition

d. heritable traits

2. what can you conclude about genetic differences and similarities between humans , chimpanzees, and E. coli?

a. most conserved genes

b. fairly conserved genes

c. least conserved genes

humans accelerated genes

polymerases

ribosomal RNAs

3. which of the following is true about the human genome?

a. about half the genome codes for a protein

b. about half the genome is identical between individuals

c. about half the genome consists of introns

d. about half the genome consists of mobile elements

4. what are pseudogenes?

a. genes that are part of a mobile element

b. genes that have undergone multiple rounds of duplication

c. genes that are no longer functional but still resemble functional genes.

5. Urokinase and chymotrypsin ( a digestive enzymes) have one domain in common with each other. This suggests that

a. they eveolve through exon shuffling

b. they are part of a gene family

c. they perform similar functions

6, long introns and short exons promote evolution

a. true

b. false

7. In humans the globin gene family eveolved through

a. gene duplication and mutation

b. exon shuffling

c. frameshift mutation

8. why does gene duplication promote evolution?

a. duplication genes are under less selective pressure

b. duplication genes provide additional templates for DNA repair

c. duplication genes do not promote evolution

d. duplication genes are less likely to mutate

9. which of the following point mutations would have little or no effect on cellular function?

a. mutation from AUA to AUG

b. mutation in regulatory region

c. mutation from CUC to AUU

d. mutation from UUA to UUG

e. mutation in exon

f. mutation in intron

10. scientists have estimated mutation rates by studying mutatant E.coli that are His-. Which of the following is (are) NOT true about the experiment involving His- E. coli?

a. His- mutants requires histidine in the media

b.His- mutants can not tolerate histidine

c. His- mutants spontaneously revert back to His+

d. His- mutants can not digest histidine

11. The National Toxicology Program report in 2016 that cell phone radiation increased brain tumor growth in male rats. Radiation can cause damage and mutations to DNA. Suppose you wished to study this further. You mate these rats and find that the offsprings have normal incidence of tumors. You would conclude that the tumors were most likely due to.

a. changes to somatic cells

b. changes in germ cells

c. changes to gonadal cells

If on the other hand the offspring also had increase tumor growth then you would conclude that the

a. tumor cells were passed down to offsprings

b. changes occur in stem cells

c. changes occur in germ cells

cell phones emit................ raditation when talking than on standby.

a. more

b. less

That would suggest that using a hands-free headset may be beneficial in preventing brain tumors. Ironically if the phone is kept in the pocket during a call using a headset then the genetic changes would be

a. prevented

b. more likely to pass to the next generation

c. less severe

Answer 1

1. B

Evolution occurs due to mutation and recombination of genes, by natural selection of organisms that survive environmental pressure.

2. A. Most conserved genes

3. D . It includes transposable elements or jumping genes that move from one location to another on the genome.

4. C. They resemble functional genes and have gene copies with coding sequence deficiency like frameshifts and premature stop codons.

5. C. Similar functions

6. A true

7. A. The genes evolved by dupication of ancestral gene, mutation in copies, transposition and further duplication and mutation.

8. B

9. F As introns are sliced out

10. B & D : as per Ames test the mutants need histidine in the media and the mutants regain the ability to synthesise histidine encoding gene. This is known as reverse mutation.

11. B : germ cells

B: stem cells

A. more radiation when connecting to towers

B. will pass to next generationx