Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

best areas to get credible information is from PubMed. Sally, a 60 yr-old female has been...

best areas to get credible information is from PubMed.

Sally, a 60 yr-old female has been diagnosed with an autoimmune thyroid disorder called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Sally showed up in the clinic for her Hashimoto’s today. She is currently taking no medications.

1. What is the difference between “signs & symptoms”?
2. What signs and symptoms would you expect Sally to tell you she is experiencing?
3. What type of disorder is this related to? (High thyroid hormone or low)? What is the actual term?
4. Explain the feedback mechanism of thyroid hormone. Start by identifying the different structures that are involved in the brain and the periphery. What substances (hormones) are released in response to each of these?
5. In the individual with “Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis” what would you expect the labs to show relative the following hormones? T3, T4, TSH, TRH?
6. Which of the thyroid hormones is considered “active hormone” and which is considered “inactive hormone”?
7. Explain why TSH is increased in hypothyroidism.
8. What medication is used to treat Hashimoto’s? What is its mechanism of action?
9. Are there any foods that can be eaten (or avoided) for individuals with Hashimoto’s?
10. There are some nutrients and metals that are required cofactors for the production of thyroid hormone. If you had to design a supplement that would optimize Sally’s production of hormones, what kinds of things would you put in it?
11. If someone takes too much of their medication, what signs and symptoms will they exhibit? What condition is this similar to?
12. What is meant by subclinical hypothyroidism? Why is this difficult to treat?
13. Imagine someone is not taking medication and they have been diagnosed with Hashimoto’s. Why might they sometimes exhibit signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism as well as hypothyroidism?
14. Hashimoto’s is an autoimmune disease. What is an autoimmune disease and how do you know this is an autoimmune disease?
15. What antibodies would you expect to see in Hashimoto’s?

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