Question

3. You are a researcher that is studying a population of trolls. You have been studying the trolls for many years and think that this population has some individuals that have some genetic abnormalities that could be the result of 1) DNA replication and repair errors, 2) chromatic packaging issues or 3) chromosomal mutations. These abnormalities seem to run in families and do not appear to be effected by seasonal or environmental changes but do cause the individuals to get ill in middle age.

A. Provide an example of how EACH (for a total of 3) could result in this type of abnormality/illness.

B. Be sure to explain specifically how each process could cause illness. For example: when describing the processes you should be specific (so don’t speak generally about DNA repair, rather discuss a particular type of repair error).

C. Be thorough in your descriptions and be sure to relate back to the phenotype (getting sick in middle age).

Answer 1

from each of these abnormalities humans are prone to diseases.

A) from replication errors , a major disease occurring is cockayne syndrome . it is also called Neil-Dingwal syndrome.it is rare but fatal autosomal recessive disease. due to the replication errors, growth failure,abnormal sensitivity to sunlight etc... could be happen.

chromatin packaging results in neurodevelopmental disorders and intellectual dipseses. muscle wasting syndrome is an example.

a major example of chromosome mutation sickle cell anemia. is is greatly affecting the haemoglobin.

B) cockayne syndrome

this disease is caused by the mutation in ERCC8 (CSA) or ERCC6(CSB) genes. inheritance is autosomal recessive. it is cause due to the deficiency in dna repair mechanism. this results in mispairing and lead to diseases.

the chromatin mis packaging deficiencies are commonly found due to certain mutations. uv radiations. injury, malnutrition, infections etc.. resulting in chromatin mis packaging.

SCA

sickle cell anaemia is caused by a mis placing of a single amino acid

val his leu thr pro glu glu

val his leu thr pro val glu

C) the disease in the middle ages are not much similar to the diseases nowadays. the Seasonal and atmospheric changes cause many of the diseases like cockayne syndrome. the genetical changes are happening after each generation. which results in seasonal diseases and genetical disorders. the phenotypical diseases can be well relate to the middle age abberations. during every age,these disorders have change in phenotypic as well as genotypic characters