explain why burns pose a major threat to the body.

Expert Solution

Before Going throught the pathophysiology of burns Lets look at anatomy of skin.

Skin is the largest organ of the body.
It has 3 major tissue layers.

Epidermis
The outermost layer, the epidermis, is composed of stratified epithelium.
The stratum corneum acts as a barrier to impede the entrance of microorganisms and toxic substances while allowing the body to retain water and electrolytes.

Dermis
Beneath the epidermis is the dermis, which is composed of a dense fibroelastic connective-tissue stroma containing collagen and elastic fibers and an extracellular matrix. The dermal layer contains an extensive vascular and nerve network, special glands, and appendages that communicate with the overlying epidermis.
it has two parts
a. Papillary dermis
b. Reticular dermis

Subcutaneous tissue -
The third layer of skin is subcutaneous tissue, which is composed primarily of areolar and fatty connective tissue

Pathophysiology of burns -

1. Burn causes heat coagulation necrosis of skin and subcutaneous tissue which releases vasoactive peptides

that causes alteration of capillary permeability, which causes loss of intravascular fluid and leads to Severe

hypovolemia.

2. Due to decreased myocardial fucntion cardiac output also decreases.

3. Decreased cardiac outflow and Poor circulation leads to decrease GFR which cause oliguria and Renal failure.

4. Loos of Skin barrier and decreased function of immune system leads to increased infection rate and Sepsis.

5. Shock - Tissue destruction results in increased capillary permeability with profound egress of fluid from the

intravascular space to the tissues adjacent to the burn wound. Inordinate amounts of fluid are lost by evaporation

from the damaged surface that is no longer able to retain water. This increase in capillary permeability, coupled with

evaporative water loss, causes hypovolemic shock.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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