Question
In: Chemistry
23. KCN is insoluble in benzene but in the presence of 18-crown-6 the nucleophilic substitution reactions...
23. KCN is insoluble in benzene but in the presence of 18-crown-6 the nucleophilic substitution reactions take place very fast using CNas nucleophile- Justify with mechanism.
24. Arylamines and heterocyclic aromatic amines are considerably less basic than alkylamines — Justify.
25. p-Anisidine is more basic than aniline — Justify with appropriate drawings.
Solutions
Expert Solution
23. Benzene is non polar whereas KCN is polar that is ionic in nature. So in nonpolar solvent like benzene it is remain insoluble.
But in presence of 18-crown-6 solvent, the K+ ion of KCN is strongly chelated by six oxygen atom of 18-crown-6. As a result the -CN ion become totally free so called naked and then soluble in benzene and undergo very faster nucleophilic attack.
24. The lone pair of amine(-NH2) group of arylamines and heterocyclic aromatic amines are conjugated to the aromatic ring due to +R-effect. Therefore, the lone pair is not only available for the attack towards a new acid. That means aromatic amines are less basic.
Whereas, aliphatic amines have opposite effect that is electron
pushing effect (+I-effect) of alkyl group and hence the lone pair
the nitrogen atom of amine group is only available to the acid.
That is why aliphatic amines are more basic than aromatic amines.
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The balance sheet of
Consolidated Paper, Inc., included the following shareholders’
equity accounts at December 31, 2015:
Paid-in capital:
Preferred stock, 8.0%, 93,000
shares at $1 par
$
93,000
Common stock, 434,300 shares at
$1 par
434,300
Paid-in capital—excess of par,
preferred
1,545,000
Paid-in capital—excess of par,
common
2,595,000
Retained earnings
9,245,000
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Total shareholders' equity
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During 2016,
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Exercise 18-23 Transactions affecting retained earnings [LO18-6, 18-7, 18-8] The balance sheet of Consolidated Paper, Inc.,...
Exercise 18-23 Transactions affecting retained earnings [LO18-6,
18-7, 18-8]
The balance sheet of Consolidated Paper, Inc., included the
following shareholders’ equity accounts at December 31, 2015:
Paid-in capital:
Preferred stock, 7.5%, 98,000
shares at $1 par
$
98,000
Common stock, 484,800 shares at
$1 par
484,800
Paid-in capital—excess of par,
preferred
1,595,000
Paid-in capital—excess of par,
common
2,645,000
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9,745,000
Treasury stock, at cost; 4,800 common shares
(52,800
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Total shareholders' equity
$
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During 2016,
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Develop a three-month moving average for this time series.
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