Question

Why are the Class D and Class E IPv4 address ranges not available for general use?

What is the difference between a port and a socket?

Answer 1

QUESTION:- Why are the Class D and Class E IPv4 address ranges not available for general use?

ANSWER:- The Class D and Class E IPv4 address ranges not available for general use because that The Class D Addresses are reserved for multicast transmissions. Range: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

The Class E Addresses are reserved for research and experimentation. Range: 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

EXPLANATION:- Class D addresses are utilized for multicasting applications. Class D is not utilized for general use. Class D addresses have their first 3 bits set to “1” and their 4th bit set to “0”. Class D addresses are 32-bit network addresses, it means that all the values in the range of 224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255 are utilized for uniquely identified multicast groups. No host addresses exists in the Class D address space, because that all the hosts in a group share the group’s IP address for receiver objectives. for e.g., Class D IP address : 227.21.6.173

Class E networks are established via having the first 4 network address bits as 1. It covers the addresses from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254. This class E is reserved for experimental objectives i.e., only for R&D operations, so many network implementations excluded these addresses as illegal or undefined.

QUESTION:- What is the difference between a port and a socket?

ANSWER: - The difference between a port and a socket is given below:-

Socket is one endpoint of a 2-way communication link between two programs executing on the network. A socket is attached to a port number so that the TCP layer can identify the application that data is designated to be sent to. For e.g., A host's IP address + its' port number. The port number is enclosed to the IP address following a colon, i.e., 195.27.79.16:80
A socket comprise of 3 things such as An IP address, A transport protocol, A port number. Three types of sockets (UDP, TCP, Raw) exists.

Port is the unique address recognizing a process on a host machine, it is a "logical connection place" and, utilizing the protocol, TCP/IP, the route a client describes a exclusive server program in a computer network. Few applications that utilize TCP/IP such as the Web protocol, HTTP, have ports with pre-allocated numbers (0-1023).

Others are conferred port numbers dynamically for every connection. When a server program preliminarily is started, it will be attached to its allocated port number. If any client program wants to utilize that server, then it also must request to attach to the allocated port number.
for example : Port = 1018
Socket = (10.1.1.3 , TCP , port 1018)

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