Question

1) Which of the following changes to the detrusor muscle may account for the frequency observed in patients with early benign prostate hyperplasia?

A)          overactive detrusor muscle

B)            detrusor muscle failure

C)            internal sphincter underactivity

D)           underactive under-active detrusor muscle

2) Which of the following statements regarding Diabetes Mellitus is TRUE?

A)            People with both Type I and Type II diabetes have an increased risk of falling due to impaired somatosensory function.

B)            Respiratory acidosis due to excess ketone production by the liver is a complication of Type I diabetes.

C)            Peripheral obesity is more strongly associated with the development of Type II diabetes than is central obesity.

D)            Erectile dysfunction is a complication of Type II diabetes, but not Type I.

3) Increased formation of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor results from activation of which of the following pathways?

A)            advanced glycosylation pathway

B)            hexosamine pathway

C)            diacyl glycerol/protein kinase C pathway

D)           polyol pathway

4) Which of the following pathways mechanism of action is THE RESULT of a depletion of antioxidants,

such as glutathione, resulting in tissue damage?

A)            diacyl glycerol/protein kinase C pathway

B)            advanced glycosylation pathway

C)            polyol pathway

D)           hexosamine pathway

Please I want the best answers !! No try and error things. Thanks.

Answer 1

1)OPTION A - OVERACTIVE DETROSUR MUSCLE

Benign prostate hyperplasia is a condition in which the prostate gland is enlarged blocking the flow of urine.so, that the patient cant completly urinate.In this condition , the detrosur muscle undergo over activity and lead to detrosur hypertrophy.

2)OPTION A - People with both Type I and Type II diabetes have an increased risk of falling due to impaired somatosensory function

In type 1and 2 diabetes mellitus is characterised by neuropathy.

small sensory fibres are more affected than the long sensory fibers

That is sensation like pain, temperature are impaired .

Long fibers of the posterior column tract are also impaired.

Retinopathy is a also a microvascular comlication of diabetes mellitus in which , the There will progressive vision loss,

because of this microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus will lead to impaired somatosensory function causes falling

In type 1 diabetes mellitus a major complication is Diabetic ketoacidosis, in which ketone bodies are formed in the liver, it will cause the metabolic acidosis not the respiratory acidosis , there will be respiratory alkalosis to comoensate this metbolic acidosis

3)OPTION C - diacyl glycerol/protein kinase C pathway

protein kinase c pathway produces more amount protein kinase C .This protein kinase C activate the tissue plasminogen activater inhibitor, which further inhibit the tissue plasminogen activater.

4)OPTION D - hexosamine pathway

Hexoaminase pathway are usually occuring inthe cells of diabetic patient. This pathway will lead to inhibit the pentose shunt pathway , there by reduces the Antioxidant like Glutathione and result in a oxidstive stress status.

3)