Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors exist in several forms. Which one is more associated with controlling cardiac...

1. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors exist in several forms. Which one is more associated with controlling cardiac output?

a. The CNS type on post synaptic membranes

b. The muscle type on pre-synaptic membranes

c. The ganglion type that increases Ca++ currents

d. The ganglion type that increases Na+/K+ currents

e. The M2 type on cardiac cells

2. Neurotransmitter receptors in the autonomic nervous system are all G-protein coupled receptors, except for one. Which one?

a. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

b. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

c. Alpha adrenergic receptors

d. Beta1 adrenergic receptors

e. Beta2 adrenergic receptors

3. In the heart, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors can slow heart rate by manipulating a second messenger system. The same second messenger is manipulated by another autonomic neurotransmitter receptor to speed heart rate. What is the second messenger and the stimulatory receptor?

Norepinephrin and nicotinic receptors

cAMP and beta adrenergic receptors

IP3 and alpha adrenergic receptors

DAG and beta adrenergic receptors

cAMP and alpha adrenergic receptors

4. Eating certain mushrooms can lead to constricted pupils, diarrhea, vomiting, hallucinations, and sweating, among other signs of poisoning. Agonism of which one of the following receptors is most often associated with these signs?

Niconitin acetylcholine receptor

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

Alpha1 adrenergic receptor

Beta1 adrenergic receptor

Beta2 adrenergic receptor

5. When activated, certain receptors can cause vascular smooth muscle contraction leading to blood vessel constriction. This results in increased vascular resistance and blood pressure. Downstream of the receptor, a second messenger is responsible for more directly triggering vascular smooth muscle contraction. Which one of the following pairs of receptor and signaling molecule is most directly responsible for driving vascular smooth muscle contraction and increased blood pressure?

Nicotinic receptors and Na+

Muscarinic receptors and cAMP

Alpha1 adrenergic receptors and Ca++

Alpha2 receptors and K+

Beta1 receptors and cAMP

6. Increased Ca++ concentrations in cardiomyocytes during the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is driven by activation of which one of the following receptors and the associated second messenger?

Alpha1 adrenergic receptors and cAMP

Beta1 adrenergic receptors and cAMP

Beta2 adrenergic receptors and IP3

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and DAG

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and Ca++

7. Sympathetic stimulation of juxtaglomerular cells is mediated via...

Alpha1 cholinergic receptors

Muscarinic adrenergic receptors

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Beta1 adrenergic receptors

Angiotensin II receptors

8. Benzedrine is a drug containing the racemic mixture of amphetamine, which is an equal parts mixture of levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. It was first marketed in 1933 as a decongestant in the United States in the form of inhalers. It was subsequently used for a wide variety of medical and military applications such as for weight loss or to prevent drowsiness. Benzedrine tablets gained considerable popularity as a recreational drug, being known colloquially as cross-tops or Bennies, to the degree that the drug is now listed as a controlled substance. Benzidrine has been immortalized in song by numerous artists including Elton John (Bennie and the Jets) and Tom Lehrer (Bright College Days). Benzedrine is an example of a...

Non-selective adrenomimetic agent

Non-selective cholinomimetic agent

Non-selective adrenolytic agent

Non-selective cholinomimetic agent

Muscarinic agonist

9. For thousands of years, human consumption of fungus (Claviceps purpurea)-contaminated rye grains has led to adverse effects. The symptoms are generally referred to as St. Anthony's Fire because of a group of European monks (the Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony) who became renowned for their attempts to alleviate the suffering of the afflicted. Ergot alkaloids produced by the fungus (e.g., ergotamine) are responsible for ergotism, a form of poisoning that results from sufficient exposure and includes signs/symptoms including burning of the limbs with consequent gangrene in some cases, hallucinations and attendant irrational behavior, convulsions, strong uterine contractions, nausea, seizures, high fever, vomiting, loss of muscle strength, unconsciousness, and even death. Ergot alkaloids have been employed for centuries as abortifacients. Agents of this type are classified as...

Non-selective adrenomimetics

Non-selective cholinomimetics

Beta adrenergic agonists

Alpha adrenergic agonists

Nicotinic antagonists

10. Propranolol is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is used to treat high blood pressure (although better drugs have since been developed for this), irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, essential tremors, and to prevent migraine headaches, among other ailments. Use of propranolol is also associated with a variety of common side effects. Propranolol was discovered in 1964 by British scientist James W. Black, a success for which he was later awarded the Nobel Prize. In a 1987 study by the International Conference of Symphony and Opera Musicians, 27% of interviewed members admitted to using propranolol or similar agents for musical performances. For about 10–16% of performers, their degree of stage fright is considered pathological. Propranolol is categorized as a...

Non-selective cholinomimetic agent

Nicotinic antagonist

Beta adrenergic antagonist

Beta-1 adrenergic antagonist

M2 muscarinic agonist

Solutions

Expert Solution

1. M2 type of cardiac cell is associated with controlling cardiac output. because M2 receptor is present in heart.

explanation:

CNS type postsynaptic membrane are present in brain and responsible for post and presynaptic action.

muscle type presynaptic membrane are present at neuromuscular junction and responsible for EPSP effect.

ganglion type nicotinic receptor present in autonomic ganglia are responsible for EPSP effect by increasing na+ and k+ permeability.

2.Neurotransmittrer receptors in ANS are all G-Protein coupled recepto.because except

a. nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. because:

nicotinic receptor is ligand gated ion channel receptors. Nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) open to allow flux of Na(+), Ca(2+), and K(+) ions into the cell after activation.

others are G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR),and also called seven-transmembrane receptor or heptahelical receptor, protein located in the cell membrane that binds extracellular substances and transmits signals from these substances to an intracellular molecule called a G protein (guanine nucleotide-binding protein)


Related Solutions

define the following terminology: (a) Basal forebrain (b) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (c) Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors...
define the following terminology: (a) Basal forebrain (b) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (c) Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR)
8- Name the primary autoimmune mechanisms in myasthenia gravis Autoantibodies to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the...
8- Name the primary autoimmune mechanisms in myasthenia gravis Autoantibodies to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction (NNMJ
Following exposure to alpha-bungarotoxin, a toxin that blocks the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which of the following...
Following exposure to alpha-bungarotoxin, a toxin that blocks the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which of the following statements about synaptic transmission at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction is/are correct? a. The presynaptic terminal would still be able to generate a graded depolarization. b. The presynaptic terminal would still be able to release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. c. Acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft would still be broken down by acetylcholinesterase. d. both a) and b) are correct, and c) is incorrect e....
Several definitions exist for various words in reasoning and communication but each one is associated with...
Several definitions exist for various words in reasoning and communication but each one is associated with some challenges. With your knowledge in critical thinking, examine with practical examples the six (6) types of definitions with their challenges and the general reasoning problems associated definition.
There are often several receptor subtypes for one neurotransmitter, like acetylcholine, which are distributed in different...
There are often several receptor subtypes for one neurotransmitter, like acetylcholine, which are distributed in different parts of the nervous system. Why might it be useful to have different receptor subtypes in specific areas? What clinical implications would it have?
1. Which of the following statements about the adrenergic receptors is TRUE? Select one: a. Alpha...
1. Which of the following statements about the adrenergic receptors is TRUE? Select one: a. Alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta 1 receptors have greater affinity (or sensitivity) to norepinephrine than epinephrine. b. Beta 2 receptor has an equal affinity for norepinephrine and epinephrine while beta 3 receptor has a greater affinity for epinephrine than norepinephrine. c. Beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 receptors increase cAMP but only beta 1 receptor causes an excitatory response in the heart muscle....
- Where receptive fields are small, they are served by more OR fewer (choose one) receptors...
- Where receptive fields are small, they are served by more OR fewer (choose one) receptors in that region. Where receptive fields are small, you are more OR less (choose one) sensitive? - Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of sensory processing? Choose one a. transduction of the signal b. transmission of the signal to the integrating center c. perception of the stimulus at the integrating center d. motor response to the signal Thank you so...
The two major categories of hormone receptors are (1) receptors which catecholamines can utilize and (2)...
The two major categories of hormone receptors are (1) receptors which catecholamines can utilize and (2) receptors which thyroid hormones can utilize. 1.? 2.?
a) In the electrolysis of molten LiCl, which product forms at the anode? (choose one) 1....
a) In the electrolysis of molten LiCl, which product forms at the anode? (choose one) 1. Li(l) 2. Cl2(g) 3. O2(g) 4. H2(g) b) In the electrolysis of molten BaI2, which product forms at the anode? 1. H2(g) 2. I2(g) 3. O2(g) 4. Ba(l)
1. Which one of the following is true? A. London forces do not exist between molecules...
1. Which one of the following is true? A. London forces do not exist between molecules of dimethylamine, (CH3)2NH B. increasing the pressure above a liquid increases its boiling point C. the surface of hexane, C6H14, in a glass tube will be a u-shaped meniscus D. a water drop will spread out and “wet” a surface of polyethylene E. amorphous solids have a well defined melting point 2. A scientist measured the vapor pressure of a substance at various temperatures...
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT