A researcher examining data on schools finds that the higher the average income of the parents...

A researcher examining data on schools finds that the higher the average income of the parents whose children attend a school, the higher is the average achievement test score for all students in the school. What is the unit of analysis of these data? Can the researcher conclude from the data that the higher the income of an individual student’s parents, the better the student’s achievement test score will be? Why or why not?

Solutions

Expert Solution

(a)

The unit of analysis of these data is the students in the school.

(b)

The researcher cannot conclude from the data that the higher the income of an individual student's parents, the better the student's achievement test score will be because of the presence of Confounding Variable: Better amenities for the student's learning in the class as compared to other students whose parents are not well off. The Confounding Variable which is affecting both the variables: (i) higher the income of an individual student's parents and (ii) the better the student's achievement test score is: Better amenities for the student's learning in the class as compared to other students whose parents are not well off. Since the student's parent's income is high, the parents spend lot of money in addition to routine educational expenses, more amenities such as additional coaching in subjects where the student needs improvement, purchasing costly text books etc.

milcah answered 11 months ago

Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

Examining the data in the previous exercise, one finds that cars with bigger engines tend to...

Examining the data in the previous exercise, one finds that cars with bigger engines tend to have lower gas mileages. In a scatterplot of the engine size and the gas mileage, you expect to see 1. a positive association. 2. very little association. 3. a negative association.

#14) A researcher collected data on the eating habits of 64 Americans in 2018 and finds...

#14) A researcher collected data on the eating habits of 64 Americans in 2018 and finds that they eat an average of 125 lbs of cheese per year with a sample standard deviation of 40 lbs. a) Can we definitively say that Americans eat more than 120 lbs of cheese per year? Show all steps of the hypothesis test to test this question. (15pts) b) Find the 95% confidence interval for cheese an average American consumes per year. (5pts)

When a researcher is examining the association between gender (male/female) and high school grade point average,...

When a researcher is examining the association between gender (male/female) and high school grade point average, what test would be appropriate? Pearson correlation coefficient Chi-square Independent t-test Dependent t-test as your answer Dependent t-test

2. A researcher is examining the influence of social rejection on social media consumption. The researcher...

2. A researcher is examining the influence of social rejection on social media consumption. The researcher hypothesizes that people will spend more time on social media if they have been rejected (vs not rejected), consuming more social media to console themselves. User data from Instagram suggests the population of users spends an average μ = 48 minutes a day browsing Instagram with a standard deviation of σ = 20 minutes. Using survey data the researcher identified a sample of 25...

A stress researcher is measuring how fast parents respond to a crying infant. He gathers data...

A stress researcher is measuring how fast parents respond to a crying infant. He gathers data from 64 people (N = 64). His participants' reaction times are normally distributed. The average reaction time was 3.0 seconds, with a standard deviation of 0.2 seconds. Using a standard normal table (Table A-1), answer the following questions (hint: you need to convert raw scores into z-scores). a. What proportion of his participants will be between 2.6 and 3.1 seconds? b. What proportion of...

Question 7 A retail outlet finds from historic data that it sells an average of 220...

Question 7 A retail outlet finds from historic data that it sells an average of 220 copies of a newspaper daily; this figure comes with a standard deviation of 35 units. The sales figures can be approximated to a normal distribution. If the retail outlet wishes to cater to 98% of possible daily demand, how many copies should it stock? If it wishes to cater to 45% of the possible daily demand, how many copies should it stock?

A researcher is interested in seeing if the average income of rural families is different than...

A researcher is interested in seeing if the average income of rural families is different than that of urban families. To see if his claim is correct he randomly selects 60 families from a rural area and finds that they have an average income of $68428 with a population standard deviation of $775. He then selects 59 families from a urban area and finds that they have an average income of $69066 with a population standard deviation of $924. Perform...

Two average height parents have several children, all about the same average height as their parents....

Two average height parents have several children, all about the same average height as their parents. Which set of parental genotypes could account for these data? (Mark all correct answers) a. AABBCC x aabbcc b. AABB x aabb c. AABBccdd x aabbCCDD d. AABBccdd x AABBccdd e. AaBbCcDd x AaBbCcDd If height in plants was controlled by three additive genes, A, B, and C, a cross of an intermediate plant with a genotype of AaBbCc with an intermediate plant with...

Based on a study of the nations of the world, a researcher finds that wealthier nations...

Based on a study of the nations of the world, a researcher finds that wealthier nations generally have a greater percentage of the population employed in the public sector than do less fortunate nations. He claims that this relationship is causal; i.e., the wealth of a nation leads to or causes growth in public sector employment. Evaluate this claim with respect to the criteria for assessing causality. Explain your arguments briefly and clearly.

This prompt is for the next 8 questions. A researcher conducts a study examining the effectiveness...

This prompt is for the next 8 questions. A researcher conducts a study examining the effectiveness of a group exercise program for elderly adults at an assisted living facility. One group of residents is selected to participate in the program, and a second group serves as a control group. After the program, the researcher measures each person’s strength. The data are as follows: Control Exercise n = 10 n = 15 top enclose x = 12 top enclose x =...

Subjects