Question

1)

If you are searching for the muscles of the perineum, which statement about these muscles will help you CORRECTLY identify them?

	A.	They include the deep transverse perineal and external urethral sphincter.
	B.	They overlie (are superficial to) the erectile tissues.
	C.	They are within the anal triangle.
	D.	They are innervated by the S3-5 spinal nerves.
	E.	They include the levator ani and coccygeous.

2)

When the blood becomes acidic (acidosis) and bicarbonate ions have been depleted, new bicarbonate ions must be generated in the plasma. Which of the following is NOT a means for replenishing bicarbonate ions?

	A.	All of the answers listed are correct
	B.	Buffered hydrogen ions are excreted in urine
	C.	Dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) is excreted in urine
	D.	Ammonium ions are excreted in urine
	E.	Bicarbonate ions are reclaimed by tubular reabsorption instead of excreted in urine

3)

QUESTION 28

1. Pepsinogen is inactive until it comes into contact with secretions from which cell type?

   	A.	None of the answers listed are correct
   	B.	Mucous cells
   	C.	Enteroendocrine cells
   	D.	Chief cells
   	E.	Surface epithelial cells

Answer 1

1 A .They include the deep transverse perineal and external urethral sphincter.

The perineum muscles are mainly the superficial transverse perineal muscles which is present across the perineal space infront of the anuss region.The superficial transverse perineal muscles is innervated by S1-S4 sacral plexus through pudenal nerves.Levator ani is the wider muscular sheet present in the pelvis and it forms the pelvic diaphragm with the coccygenous .

2.A. All of the answer listed are correct.

In the condition of acidosis in the blood, the replenished occurs via the reabsorbtion through the tubular region of the nephrons. The uronary excretion increases upon acidosis, it occurs due to the decrease in the trasported species Dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) and apical transport of the phosphate through proximal tubule due to pH alterations.To replenish the bicarbonate, the elevation in the H+ ions secretion from the tubular epithelial cells and also increases the glutamine metabolism and Ammonium ions get excreted in urine.

3.D chief cells .

The chief cells secrets the pepsin and which is in inactive form called as proenzyme pepsinogen. When pepsionogen enters the stomach the gastric acid activate the proenzyme pepsinogen.