Question

In the book Business Research Methods (5th ed.), Donald R. Cooper and C. William Emory discuss studying the relationship between on-the-job accidents and smoking. Cooper and Emory describe the study as follows:

Suppose a manager implementing a smoke-free workplace policy is interested in whether smoking affects worker accidents. Since the company has complete reports of on-the-job accidents, she draws a sample of names of workers who were involved in accidents during the last year. A similar sample from among workers who had no reported accidents in the last year is drawn. She interviews members of both groups to determine if they are smokers or not.

The sample results are given in the following table.

	On-the-Job Accident
Smoker	Yes		No		Row Total
Heavy	10		5		15
Moderate	7		10		17
Nonsmoker	17		17		34
Column total	34		32		66

Expected counts are below observed counts
	Accident		No Accident		Total
Heavy	10		5		15
	7.73		7.27
Moderate	7		10		17
	8.76		8.24
Nonsmoker	17		17		34
	17.52		16.48
Total	34		32		66
Chi-Sq = 2.14, DF = 2, P-Value = 0.343

(a) For each row and column total in the above table, find the corresponding row/column percentage. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)

Row 1	%
Row 2	%
Row 3	%
Column 1	%
Column 2	%

(b) For each cell in the above table, find the corresponding cell, row, and column percentages. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)

	Accident	No Accident
Heavy	Cell=  %	Cell=  %
	Row=  %	Row=  %
	Column=  %	Column=  %
Moderate	Cell=  %	Cell=  %
	Row=  %	Row=  %
	Column=  %	Column=  %
Nonsmoker	Cell=  %	Cell=  %
	Row=  %	Row=  %
	Column=  %	Column=  %

(c) Use the MINITAB output in the above to test the hypothesis that the incidence of on-the-job accidents is independent of smoking habits. Set ? = .01.

(Click to select)RejectDo not reject H₀.

(d) Is there a difference in on-the-job accident occurrences between smokers and nonsmokers?

Conclude there is (Click to select)no differencedifference between smokers and nonsmokers.

Answer 1

a)

Row 1	15/66=0.227273	22.7%
Row 2	17/66=0.257576	25.8%
Row 3	34/66=515152	51.5%
Column 1	34/66=515152	51.5%
Column 2	32/66=0.484848	48.5%

b) Cell %: (Observation value/ Total) *100

Row %: (Observation value/ Row sum)*100

Column %: (Observation value/ Column sum) *100

		Accident	No accident
Heavy	Cell	15.2%	7.6%
	Row	66.7%	33.3%
	Column	29.4%	15.6%
Moderate	Cell	10.6%	15.2%
	Row	41.2%	58.8%
	Column	20.6%	31.3%
Nonsmoker	Cell	25.8%	25.8%
	Row	50.0%	50.0%
	Column	50.0%	53.1%

c)

P-value: 0.343 S, at 0.01 significant level Reject H0.

d) The test statistic is significant and rejects H0.

Conclude there is no difference between smokers and nonsmokers.