Question

Explain how and why the circulatory and respiratory systems (of a child being born) change at birth.

b. How do the changes (described in the previous question) in the circulatory and respiratory systems affect gas exchange and pH balance?

c. How do these changes in the circulatory and respiratory systems (from the previous questions) affect the renal and lymphatic systems?

Answer 1

Question no 1

The respiratory and circulatory system change immediately after birth. While in fetal stage the lungs is filled with fluid and is not functioning. The heart has many changes like the ductus arteriosus for the blood to move directly from the pulmonary artery to the aorta bypassing the lungs . The foramen ovale is present in the wall of atrium that helps in the circulation of blood without taking much blood to right ventricle.

All these will cause at the time of birth amd the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus close making the blood to flow to the lungs as the baby cries . The fluid in the lungs is drained and it will start function within 10 second after birth . It converts to a normal heart of adult.

Question no 2

The respiratory system change occur mainly when the umbilical cord that supply blood to the baby is cut it will result in the reduction of O2 in blood . This reduction along with an increase in co2 cause increase in blood pH stimulating the respiratory centre of brain . This cause the first breath to occur . This results in ventilation and reduction in the co2 level in blood and pH reduced and return to normal

Question no 3

Change in circulation and respiration results in the flow of lymphatic fluid into the Heart to slow down as the respiration cause the compression of the lymphatic ducts causing temperory reduction in lymph flow .

Kidney plays as important role to maintain blood pH when the lung is coping up and trying to maintain homeostasis. It will control it by using Hco3 and H+