Question

Why were there so many strikes between 1875 and 1900 if the real wages of workers were rising ?

Answer 1

While it may seem contradictory that there were numerous strikes between 1875 and 1900 despite rising real wages for workers, several factors contribute to this apparent discrepancy. It's important to consider the broader context of the time period to understand the reasons behind the strikes. Here are a few key factors:

i ) Income Inequality: Although real wages were increasing overall, the distribution of wealth was highly skewed. The majority of the wage gains were concentrated among the wealthy elite and business owners, while many workers continued to struggle with low wages and poor working conditions. This income inequality fueled discontent and dissatisfaction among the working class, leading to labor unrest and strikes.
ii) Long Work Hours and Poor Working Conditions: Despite wage increases, workers often faced excessively long work hours, hazardous working conditions, and little to no job security. The rising cost of living and the inability to afford a decent standard of living, even with increasing wages, contributed to worker dissatisfaction. Strikes were often called to demand shorter work hours, improved safety measures, and better overall working conditions.
iii) Unions and Collective Action: The period from 1875 to 1900 witnessed the growth of labor unions and the development of collective bargaining as a means to address workers' concerns. Unions played a crucial role in organizing strikes and advocating for workers' rights. They sought to negotiate better wages, improved working conditions, and a fairer distribution of wealth. Strikes were often a tactic employed by unions to exert pressure on employers and secure concessions.
iv) Economic Cycles and Unemployment: Despite rising real wages, economic downturns and periods of high unemployment were still prevalent during this era. During economic recessions, workers faced layoffs, wage cuts, and reduced job security. These factors, combined with the perception of growing income disparity, created an environment ripe for strikes as workers sought to protect their livelihoods and demand fair treatment.

It's important to note that while real wages may have increased overall, they did not necessarily keep pace with the rising cost of living or address the broader concerns of workers regarding their rights, dignity, and quality of life. Therefore, strikes continued to be a means for workers to voice their grievances and strive for better working conditions and economic justice, even in the face of rising real wages.

Despite rising real wages, workers engaged in numerous strikes between 1875 and 1900 due to persistent income inequality, poor working conditions, and the need to address broader labor rights and concerns.