Question

The following data are from a survey for the relationship between whether individuals smoked and whether they had ever divorced, for respondents who had ever been married.

	Ever Divorced?
Smoke?	Yes	No	Total
Yes	239	248	487
No	375	809	1,184
Total	614	1,057	1,671

(b)

Calculate the value of the chi-square statistic in this situation. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

χ² =

(c)

Using Excel, statistical software, or an appropriate calculator, determine the p-value in this situation. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

p-value =

(d)

Is the result statistically significant? Explain how you know.

The result  ---Select--- is is not statistically significant because the p-value is  ---Select--- less than greater than equal to the  standard for significance.

(e)

In the context of this situation, write a conclusion. The row percentages found in part (d) of Exercise 4.2 may be useful in your conclusion.

The data  ---Select--- suggest do not suggest smoking habit and whether or not someone has been divorced are related variables in the population represented by this sample. Calculating the  ---Select--- row column percents in the table indicate that those who smoke are  ---Select--- more less equally likely to have been divorced when compared to nonsmokers.

You may need to use the appropriate technology to answer this question.

Answer 1

b)

Applying chi square test of independence:

Expected	Ei=row total*column total/grand total	yes	No	Total
	Yes	178.946	308.054	487
	No	435.054	748.946	1184
	total	614	1057	1671
chi square    χ2	=(Oi-Ei)2/Ei	yes	No	Total
	Yes	20.154	11.707	31.8619
	No	8.290	4.8155	13.1053
	total	28.4442	16.5230	44.967
test statistic X2 =		44.97

c)

p value from excel =

chidist(44.97,1)=

0.000

d)

The result is statistically significant because the p-value is less than standard for significance.

e)

The data suggest smoking habit and whether or not someone has been divorced are related variables in the population represented by this sample.

Calculating the row   percents in the table indicate that those who smoke are more likely to have been divorced when compared to nonsmokers.