Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Hip implants have experienced significant design and material changes since their introduction. These changes have led...

Hip implants have experienced significant design and material changes since their introduction. These changes have led to more successful biomaterials in orthopaedic implants.

Discuss the improvements in orthopaedic implant materials and discuss the mechanical performances why the current materials are more successful than predecessors

Solutions

Expert Solution

Bones and joints of body are prone to degenerative changes which may be a result of growing age or injury or other pathologies.
This has led to various surgical procedures being carried out on bobes and joints. The joint replacement or bone grafting have become a very common procedure in modern times. Implants made out of biomaterial are being used extensively.
With advances in medicine and surgery, the biomaterial used for implants has also evolved from using an inert biomaterial for implants to use of biodegradable materials. The implants which are being used now a days consists of materials tha elicit specific responses at molecular levels.
1. First generation biomaterial: these bbiomaterials were inert and had minimal toxic reaction with the host.
They consists of metallic material such as stainless steel, cobalt and chromium alloy and titanium. These materials do not corrode, are inert and provides maximum strength and are used in plates, screws and nails.

The non metallic biomaterials or ceramic biomaterial includes alumina, zirconia and several porous ceramics. They are resistant to corrosion, have high strength and biocompatible. They are used for femoral head and acetabulum.
2. Second generation: Polymers such as silicone rubber, PE, acrylic resins, polyurethanes, polypropylene (PP) and polymethylmethacrylate are also used as implants. They are used to anchor bone to the prosthesis. They are biodegradable materials. These are used in sutures, plates, rods, screws and pins. They are widely use to fix femoral head and neck, acetabular repairs.
3. Third generation: Third generation implants consist of biomaterial made of natural and synthetic polymers that elicit tissue response that helps attachment and proliferation at the site. These materials should be minimally toxic, biodegradable and promote bone regeneration. They are used in cartilage and ligament reconstruction surgeries.


Related Solutions

Hip implants have experienced significant design and material changes since their introduction. These changes have led...
Hip implants have experienced significant design and material changes since their introduction. These changes have led to more successful biomaterials in orthopaedic implants. Discuss the improvements in ceramic orthopaedic implant materials. Discuss the mechanical performances of ceramics and why the current materials are more successful than predecessors
Define 2 changes in the U.S. Health Care Services delivery system that have led to a...
Define 2 changes in the U.S. Health Care Services delivery system that have led to a decline in hospital inpatient days and growth in ambulatory (outpatient) services. Are Ambulatory services important for hospitals? Why, or why not?
Explain actual events or dynamics could have led to changes in each component in the economy.
Explain actual events or dynamics could have led to changes in each component in the economy.
What negative effects have resulted from the material changes? Consider the full material life cycle. Would...
What negative effects have resulted from the material changes? Consider the full material life cycle. Would it actually be more sustainable from an environmental, economic, and/or social perspective to return to materials that were used in the past? Why or why not? (Can you please not answer handwriting type it)
What types of changes have financial markets experienced during the last two decades? Have they been...
What types of changes have financial markets experienced during the last two decades? Have they been perceived as positive or negative changes? Explain.
Patients requiring skin grafts or breast reconstruction often have experienced a significant trauma or illness, such...
Patients requiring skin grafts or breast reconstruction often have experienced a significant trauma or illness, such as burns, accidents, or cancer. How might the members of the surgical team therapeutically respond to concerns these patients might express?
Have there been any significant changes in Australia's terms of trade with China and Japan? In...
Have there been any significant changes in Australia's terms of trade with China and Japan? In the last 20 years, why? for example?
What changes in business software platforms have you experienced, and what was the driving force behind...
What changes in business software platforms have you experienced, and what was the driving force behind the change? What important trends in business hardware are occurring? What relationship do you see happening between hardware changes and software? In your experience, which seems to drive the other and why? How important do you perceive databases and data mining to business? How could a small business take advantage of the technology? In your opinion, should software dictate business processes or should the...
Threaded Discussion: Technology Technological changes have led to economic growth. Just ask the ticket person at...
Threaded Discussion: Technology Technological changes have led to economic growth. Just ask the ticket person at the Thruway toll booth... unless of course you use EZpass. Then, just wave to the few remaining toll collectors as you whiz by. I drove through New Jersey in December and 1 booth allows you to continue travel at 60 MPH while going through.) How has this led to growth? More travelers on the highway with less congestion. More goods and services can travel...
There have been significant changes to personal and non business deductions starting january 1,2018. these are:...
There have been significant changes to personal and non business deductions starting january 1,2018. these are: -mortgage interest deduction -home equity interest -state and local tax deductions -casualty losses -charitable contributions -medical expenses -alimony -miscellaneous itemized deductions What are the changes in tax law from tax year 2017 to 2018, and what these changes mean to the economy in general ? please provide provide explanation for the items listed above.
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT