Question

For this activity, you will compare and contrast two different air traffic control entities. In your blog, explain, with support, your chosen entities and detail how each entity supports air traffic management to include similarities and differences. You may choose any two entities, national or international, that you wish.

Answer 1

Solution:-

Conclusion In this article there were analyzed the new technologies for aircraft manufacturer company: Lean Manufacturing and Internet of Things, which can significantly improve the production system. There were made the following conclusions through this paper: • Lean Manufacturing can lead to the following results: improve productivity and quality of the production system, decrease the costs and the lead time. • By using Internet of Things devices and tools, you can achieve the whole collaboration system of suppliers, manufacturers and customers, which also lead to the cost and time decrease. • Integration of Lean and IoT will lead to the great efficiency of aircraft manufacturing, because all members and workers will be able to get an access to the data at any time and control the processes easily and quickly. • Lean and IoT technologies can be successfully implemented in aviation industry. It can be proved by the successful case study of Boeing aircraft manufacturer company. • Before realizing its implementation on the real practice, firstly it is needed to understand its work on the simulation model. By analyzing all process improvement simulation methods, it was made a decision to use Discrete Event Simulation. ARENA software, which is based on this method, can give us the necessary output parameters and help to analyze the system after new technologies implementation. In the simulation model we will base on the following results: WIP, lead time and inventory reduction, because IoT and Lean technologies effect mainly consists of these

1 Introduction

The concept of lean manufacturing, which was developed in 1950-s by Toyota company, increases the efficiency of production in different industries. Nowadays, it is used not only in automobile industry, but also in healthcare, ship production and aircraft industry as well. This technology had a successful effect on production system of companies, but science and technology progress doesn’t stand still. Internet technologies and Artificial Intelligence transforms the traditional model of production system and we entered in the new era of digital data and processes. Thus, it becomes obvious that it is needed to modify Lean production system and adopt it to the new Internet of Things technologies.

Literature review Lean Manufacturing for aircraft production Nowadays, in the aircraft industry there is a struggle to improve the quality of products. More efficient management methods are being introduced in this sector, production technology is changing, and external economic relations are being reorganized. Ensuring the competitiveness of the aviation enterprises requires building both a more rational structure and an increase in its technological level. Thus, the modern aviation company will have to apply the latest methods of effective management and optimize the use of all resources types. Currently, the following main approaches are used to improve the efficiency of enterprises : • Lean production • The concept of Six-Sigma • Total production optimization • The system of 20 “keys” • The theory of constraints A special place in the combination of instruments for minimizing production costs and increasing the efficiency takes the concept of lean production . The term of lean production was firstly appeared in the book “The Machine that Changed the World”, where the authors described Toyota Production System, which was based on this technology Application of this approach allowed Japanese enterprises to provide production with high quality and with rather low-cost value The efficiency of lean process is based on the avoiding unnecessary activities, which haven’t a significant effect on the production process of the enterprise. The disposal of waste operation helps to save money for production and optimize the product cost and resources on its making. Saving only useful operations, which are required for the production, is a successful instrument for achieving the goals and satisfying customer needs and requirements . There are seven types of wastes during the product manufacturing, which were suggested by Taiichi Ohno, the creator of lean technology in Toyota Motors Company: • wastes due to overproduction – manufacturing of products that are not in demand or in a larger volume earlier than it is required at the next stage of the process • time waste due to waiting – breaks, associated with waiting for people, materials, equipment or information • wastes due to excessive processing - additional processing of the product due to the tool’s poor quality, design mistakes and etc. • wastes due to unnecessary movements during operations - any movement of people, tools or equipment that does not add value to the final product

Internet of Things and its technologies
The idea of creating Internet of Things belongs to British businessman, Kevin Ashton in 1999. He defined it as communication system of devices with sensors via a computer network

In other words, Internet of things (loT) is a large-scale data flow environment, which is supported by deploying global smart objects that continuously collect huge amounts of data

The Internet of things is based on three basic principles. Firstly, the widespread communication infrastructure, secondly, the global identification of each object and, thirdly, the ability of each object to send and receive data through a personal network or the Internet to which it is connected. The most important differences between the Internet of things and the existing Internet of people are: • focus on things, not on people; • significantly greater number of connected objects; • significantly smaller size of objects and low speed of data transmission; • focus on reading information, not on communications; • the need for new infrastructure and alternative standards

Integration of Lean Manufacturing and Internet of Things

For decreasing wastes in the manufacturing system and realizing Lean Manufacturing in the aircraft enterprise, the use of Internet technologies helps to achieve the defined goals. Information networks with reliable databases, which connect all production processes and activities in the whole system, becomes more and more reliable with the technology development. The use of Internet of Things technology in Lean Production System has a lot of advantages for organizing the aircraft manufacturing

Internet of Things Implementation
Using Internet of Things Technology, Boeing modernize its supply chains, operational platforms and factories. Boeing used the following principles during implementation of Internet of Things in their company: • Work experience with intelligent equipment – connecting people and data in the whole network helps to simplify and broaden the human knowledge and to get customer satisfaction • Smarter Machines – It is needed to improve M2M communication and predictive analytics for providing new type of machine workers. • Security provision – the information should be protected, and the privacy should be saved • Flexible infrastructure – empowerment of people to use data-driven analytics with a flexible and transparent infrastructure. • Enhanced harmony – balance innovation ideas, business processes, new methodologies impact. •