Question

Name the four major regions of the brain and the distinct structures of each.

From superficial to deep, name the layers that constitute the cranial meninges.

What is the function of the ascending and descending tracts in the medulla oblongata?

Describe the arbor vitae, including its makeup, location, and function.

Name the main components of the diencephalon.

Which region of the limbic system is particularly important for the storage and retrieval of long-term memories?

Identify the lobes of the cerebrum and indicate the basis for their names.

Which senses are affected by damage to the temporal lobes?

Describe the four brain wave types associated with an EEG.

Which cranial nerves have motor functions only?

please type it

Answer 1

1. The brain is part of nervous system that regulates the body functions. The four major regions of brain are cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon and brainstem.
a. Cerebrum : cerebrum is the largest part of brain divided into two cerebral hemisphere by longitudinal fissure. The cerebrum is divided into frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes which contains somatosensory cortex, motor cortex, brocas area, wernickes area, visual cortex, auditory cortex. The cerebrum also contains hippocampus, basal ganglia and olfactory bulb.
Cerebellum : The cerebellum consists of the fluid filled ventricle at its base and four cerebellar nuclei namely, dentate nucleus, emboliform nucleus, globose nucleus and fastigii nucleus.
Diencephalon consists of thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary and epithalamus and subthalamus. Epithalamus contains anterior and posterior Paraventricular nuclei, Medial and lateral habenular nuclei, Stria medullaris thalami, Posterior commissure and Pineal body.
Brainstem : consists of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

2. The membrane that covers the brain is known as meninges. There are three cranial meninges :

- dura mater

- arachnoid mater

- pia mater

3. The tracts are bundle of nerve fibres that carry motor and sensory signals from or to the brain and spinal cord.
An ascending tract carries sensory information from the receptor to the spinal cord and medulla oblongata for higher processing.

A descending tract from medulla oblongata carries motor signals to different parts of the body to evoke a motor response.

4. Arbor vitae is present in cerebellum hemisphere. It looks like a branched tree more like a fern tree. It contains the four cerebellar nuclei : the dentate nucleus, globose nucleus, emboliform nucleus and the fastigial nucleus.
These nuclei are responsible for sending and receiving motor and sensory information. Based on these information the cerebellum controls the voluntary movement, posture, balance and equilibrium.
5. Diencephalon consists of thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary and epithalamus and subthalamus. Epithalamus contains anterior and posterior Paraventricular nuclei, Medial and lateral habenular nuclei, Stria medullaris thalami, Posterior commissure and Pineal body.