Question

List five regions of the brain. For each region describe the anatomy and function of the white and gray matter composing that region.

Answer 1

Regions of Brain are :

Fore Brain - Cerebrum and Diencephalon

Mid Brain

Hind Brain - Cerebellum

Brain Stem - Pons & Medulla.

1) Cerebrum : It is largest part of the brain, having convolution on its surface with Sulci(depression) and Gyri(elevation). Outer cerbral Cortex is Grey matter, while inner part is White matter.

Function of Cerebral Cortex - It acts as primary senory & motor area. Main role in higher function.

Function of White matter - It function in transmission of singnals too and fro from the brain.

2) Cerebellum - It is present in the posterior cerebral fossa, located behind the brain stem below the occipital lobe of brain.

It has outer Grey matter and Inner white matter.

Function - regulates motor movements

It also co-ordinates voluntary movements like posture, balance, coordination, and speech.

3) Diencephalon - It consist of Thalamus, hypothalamus

It also has outer grey and inner white matter

Thalamus is the relay centre of the brain, all the stimuli coming to the brain has to pass through the thalamus.

Hypothalamus - is the controller of te all endocrine glands by secreting its regulatory hormone. It also has centres for controlling thrust, temprature, osmolarity etc/

4) Mid Brain - It lies below the diencephalon, and consist of tectum and tegmentum.

Grey mater - periaqueductal gray region , cortical grey mater

White matter - outer white matter

Processing of visual and auditory stimulus. It also maintains the conciouness.

5) Brain stem - It is made up of Pons and Medulla.

GREY matter - Inner grey matter

White matter - Outer White matter

Pons - has nuclei for various vital system. It has Respiratory centre. It contains many nuclei that relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum.

Medulla - It help in regulate breathing, heart rate, digestion, sneezing etc.