Question

1. In passive processes, substances move _________ their concentration gradient from a ______ concentration to a __________, until they reach equilibrium.
2. Substances move across membranes based on what two chemical properties as discussed in class?
3. If the answer to #2 above prevents a substance from crossing the membrane, what may allow it to cross?
4.   What kind of particles cross the membrane in simple diffusion?________________________. What two dissolved gasses diffuse through the cell membrane? _________________________

5. Facilitated Diffusion relies on ___________ and _________ proteins. These proteins exhibit specificity, meaning they are __________________________.
6. What type of channel proteins are always open? _________________. What type open with an electrical signal? _____________________________.
7. Osmosis is a passive process, meaning water molecules move ________ their concentration gradient from a _________ to ___________ concentration towards _____________.
8. Osmolarity is simply   ___________________. Osmosis occurs when: __________ _____________________________________ .
9. If two solutions of different solute concentration are separated by a membrane, and the membrane is impermeable to the solute, water will move towards the solution with a ___________ solute concentration until the water concentration is ________ on both sides.
10. A _____________ solution has a solute concentration equal to that inside the cell. Water moves _______________the cell. A __________ solution has a solute concentration greater than inside the cell, and water moves ___________ the cell. A ____________ solution has a solute concentration less than inside the cell, and water moves _____________ the cell.
11. Filtration relies on __________ to force substances across membranes. In capillaries, this will take the form of ________________ or blood pressure.

Answer 1

The answers are in the order of the blanks that appear in the question

1. Along
2. Higher
3. Lower
4. If sunstances are prevented from moving - certain transmembrane channels can allow them to move
5. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, lipids, water
6. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
7. Facilitated diffusion relies upon concentration gradient and specialized carrier protein ( this is type of passive diffusion which takes help of a special type of protein which acts as a transporter)
8. Specificy meaning, only one particular substance can cross through it
9. always open channel protein - non-gated channels
10. voltage gated channel
11. water moves long their gradient from high to low
12. Osmolarity is the concentration of osmole of solute present in per litre of solution
13. Osmosis occurs when there is a concentration gradient but the membrane prevents the simple diffusion of the solute
14. the water will move towards solution with higher solute concentration till the water concentration on both sides is equal
15. Isotonic, water doesn't move at all
16. Hypertonic, water moves out of the cell
17. filtering force, in the capillaries, this will take the form of hydrostatic