Question

explain electric charge and electric field. Also give examples.

Answer 1

electric charge :

• matter is made up of atoms which contains neutrons, protons and electrons.
• electron and proton attract each other while neutron stays neutral.
• this property of electron and proton , that gives rise to their attraction towards each other, is called electric charge and electron is having negative charge and proton is having positive charge.
• opposite charges attract each other and same charges repel.
• it can also be said that, electric charge is a physical property due to which, when a charge is placed / moving in electromagnetic field, it feels force on it.
• unit of electric charge is Coloumb and the universe has discrete charge , in the units of charge on electron or proton, which has a magnitude of 1.6*10^(-19) C.
• examples: proton,electron etc.

electric field:

• it is a physical phenomenon created by charged particles , due to which in the region around the charge, another charged particle feels a force on it.
• Electric field is pointed away from a charge if charge is positive and electric field is pointed towards a charge if charge negative.
• field lines generate at a positive charge and ends at a negative charge.
• example: field created between two parallel plates when they carry opposite charges.